Fungi as elicitors of insect immune responses

Gillespie, Jeremy P.; Bailey, Andy M.; Cobb, B. G.; Vilcinskas, Andreas

doi:10.1002/1520-6327(200006)44:2<49::aid-arch1>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 181 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…It has been observed during a variety of microbial infections in insects and other animals (Adamo, 2006). Entomophthoralean fungi often become opaque to the host immune system by removing antigenic cell-wall components (see review by Gillespie et al, 2000). Anorexia is expressed late in these mycoses perhaps at a point when the insect finally detects the fungus and belatedly mounts an ineffectual response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Lecanicillium longisporum infection on the behaviour of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae

Roditakis

Couzin

Franks³

et al. 2008

Journal of Insect Physiology

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The effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium longisporum (Zimmerman) Zare & Gams on three parameters of behaviour (feeding, reproduction and movement) of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) were investigated in the laboratory. Visual analysis of video tapes established that honeydew excretion events of mycosed aphids gradually declined from 2 d post inoculation and reproduction rate was significantly reduced 2 d prior to death (which occurred on day 6); both parameters were stable in controls over the same period. A detailed comparison was made between mobility of aphids during infection with two isolates of L. longisporum, using image analysis of video recordings. Both isolates caused an increase in activity at the beginning of mycosis (during fungal germination and cuticle invasion) though the intensity and the duration of this behaviour varied with the isolate. The possibility that increased movement in early mycosis helps disseminate disease is discussed in the light of the observation that saprophytic surface growth occurs on living M. persicae as it does in at least some other Lecanicillium spp-insect interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial pathogens of insects have profound effects on the physiology and biochemistry of their hosts (see e.g., reviews by Charnley (2003) and Gillespie et al, 2000). As a consequence they produce consistent, recognisable symptoms that define disease states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Lecanicillium longisporum infection on the behaviour of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae

Roditakis

Couzin

Franks³

et al. 2008

Journal of Insect Physiology

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“…Metarhizium will take 24-48 h to germinate and penetrate into the host insect, and the switch from growth as protoplasts to the more antigenic hyphal bodies occurs 48-96 h after infection (Gillespie et al, 2000a). Mortality of infected leaf-cutting ant workers is normally seen 6-10 days after treatment with the strain and dose used here .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, many parasites can directly affect the immune response by producing immunodepressant compounds (Gillespie et al, 2000a;Schmid-Hempel, 2005). However, evidence for an impact of parasites upon the immune response is limited and conflicting.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Immune Responses Of Males And Workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of the immune responses of males and workers of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior and the effect of infection

et al. 2005

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Summary. Parasites represent significant challenges to social insects. The high density, interaction rate and relatedness of individuals within colonies are all predicted to make social insect colonies particularly vulnerable to parasites. To cope with this pressure, social insects have evolved a number of defence mechanisms. These include the immune response, which, aside from in bumblebees, has been relatively little studied in social insects. Here we compare the immune responses of males and workers of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior and examine the effect upon immunocompetence of prior exposure to a virulent parasite. Males have a far lower immune response than workers, suggesting either haploid susceptibility or reduced investment in immunity by the short-lived males. There was also significantly less variation in the immune response of males than of workers, which may be due to leaf-cutting ant workers being more variable in age or more genetically diverse within colonies. When exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium, workers expressed a substantially reduced immune response 96 h after infection, suggesting that the immune system was either depleted by having to respond to the Metarhizium infection or was depressed by the parasite. The results suggest that the immune response is a costly and limited process, but further experiments are needed to distinguish between the alternative explanations for the effects observed.

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“…To better understand this premise, the interactions among insect pests, their natural enemies and their host plants must be intensely studied. For example, susceptibility may be affected by components of the insect cuticle, seeing that conidia may suffer from toxicity, fungistatic effects and eventual stimulating effects (Sosa-Gómez et al 1997;Gillespie et al 2000;Santiago-Alvarez et al 2006) by compounds in the cuticle of the insects, those sequestrated from alimentary sources (Tallamy et al 1998), or even through volatiles produced by metathoracic glands (Lopes et al 2015). This effect has been demonstrated for fungi (Nishida et al 1992;Tallamy et al 1998;Poprawski et al 2000a;Poprawski et al 2000b;Klingen et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Parameters of Euschistus heros (F.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and its Susceptibility to Entomopathogenic Fungi When Fed on Different Diets

Oliveira¹,

Dudczak

Alves

et al. 2016

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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Fungi as elicitors of insect immune responses

Cited by 181 publications

References 123 publications

Effects of Lecanicillium longisporum infection on the behaviour of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae

Effects of Lecanicillium longisporum infection on the behaviour of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae

Examination of the immune responses of males and workers of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex echinatior and the effect of infection

Biological Parameters of Euschistus heros (F.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and its Susceptibility to Entomopathogenic Fungi When Fed on Different Diets

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