Fungi colonizing Scots‐pine cone scales and seeds and their pathogenicity

Lilja, Arja; Hallaksela, Anna‐Maija; Heinonen, Riitta

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1995.tb01070.x

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Several fungi damage cones, kill seeds or attack seedlings at germination (CALLAN and FUNK 1994). Fungi frequently colonize pine cone scales and seeds (LILJA et al 1995). UROSEVIC (1961) reported that the average number of spores was 50 000^150 000 per gram of seeds in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of cones and seeds to fungal infection in a pine (Pinus spp.) collection

Vujanovic¹,

St‐Arnaud²,

Neumann

2000

Forest Pathology

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Summary Thirty‐one fungi, members of Ascomycota and Deuteromycota, were isolated from cones/seeds of 28 hosts (Pinus spp.) originating from East Asia, Europe and North America, and growing at the Montreal Botanical Garden, Canada. A total of 21 taxa of these isolated fungi are considered pathogens. The damage severity was most prevalent on Diploxylon pines of European provenance (Pinus nigra, Pinus mugo and Pinus sylvestris), and one indigenous North American species (Pinus albicaulis). Twelve fungi occurred on different hosts, i.e. Sphaeropsis sapinea (12), Herpotrichia juniperi (8), Truncatella hartigii (7), Ceuthospora sp. (5), Fusarium, spp. (5), Pestalotiopsis funerea (3), Phomopsis sp. (3), Valsa spp. (anamorph. Cytospora) (3), Diaporthe sp. (3), Fusicoccum sp. (2) and Sirococcus strobilinus (2). Sphaeropsis sapinea, Herpotrichia juniperi, Phomopsis conorum, Truncatella hartigii, Tubercularia sp. and Valsa spp. were related to high cone and seed damage. For the most frequently observed Sphaeropsis sapinea damage, the subgenus Haploxylon was less susceptible than Diploxylon, and P. sylvestris less than P. nigra and P. mugo. Pinus resinosa showed more tolerance to S. sapinea. Truncatella hartigii was more frequently associated with necrotic lesions on cones/seeds in comparison with Pestalotiopsis funerea. The results are discussed in the context of arboretum, seed orchard, nursery and quarantine management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of cones and seeds to fungal infection in a pine (Pinus spp.) collection

Vujanovic¹,

St‐Arnaud²,

Neumann

2000

Forest Pathology

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“…Apparently F. subglutinans was the main fungus isolated from Pinus seed in the United States (Dwinell and Fraedrich 1997). On P. sylvestris seed from Finland, F. oxysporum and F. avenaceum were pathogenic in growth substrates (Lilja et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of seed‐borne Fusarium species on Pinus ponderosa with germination and seedling viability in Argentina

Salerno

Lori²

2007

Forest Pathology

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Pinus ponderosa seedlots from eight seed orchards in Western Patagonia, Argentina, were evaluated for the presence of Fusarium species, and isolates obtained were subjected to pathogenicity tests. The following species were isolated: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium incarnatum, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium proliferatum. With the exception of F. proliferatum and F. graminearum all Fusarium species were recovered from P. ponderosa seedlings with symptoms of damping-off. Five Fusarium species were re-isolated from necrotic roots of seedlings showing chlorosis (F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. incarnatum, F. acuminatum and F. verticillioides). High damping-off losses occurred in Fusarium-contaminated seed of P. ponderosa and low disease incidence occurred on less contaminated seed. The role of seed-borne inoculum in disease spread within forest nurseries is discussed.

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“…Another typical disease caused by seed-borne fungi is damping-off, in which germinants are infected and die before emergence, or necrosis appears in small seedlings near the ground line (Sutherland et al 2002). Fungi in genera such as Fusarium, Alternaria and Phoma are known to cause damping-off in numerous plant species (Mittal & Wang 1993, Lilja et al 1995, Salerno & Lori 2007. Root rot is often caused by similar fungi, but in the last decade it has seldom caused problems in Finnish nurseries due to changes is seedling production practices and nursery hygiene.…”

Section: Seed-borne Microbes and Their Control During Seed Handling Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed quality attributes in seedling production of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.)

Himanen¹

2018

Diss. For.

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The artificial regeneration of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the Nordic countries relies on planting containerized seedlings originating from seeds collected from either seed orchards or forest stands. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect of seed quality attributes on seedling production and to study whether it is possible to enhance germinability and seedling health through seed soaking treatments. The variation in seed quality among individual trees and clones and the components of seed weight variance are also studied. Commercial seed lots were screened for microbes and the effect of soaking treatment on microbial abundance was analyzed. The three seed lots contained some pathogenic fungi, but most fungi found were saprophytic. The seed lots differed in their likelihood to suffer from damping-off when germinated in water agar medium but not in peat. With current production methods seed-borne fungi do not have a great impact for seedling health, but altering for example the growing media may increase their importance. Seedling quality declined with increasing emergence time in an experiment on 1-yearold seedlings in the nursery, thus emphasizing the importance of fast germination. Seed soak-sorting hastened the emergence and increased seedling size more in 1.5-year-old containerized seedlings compared to the 1-year-old seedling crop in addition of decreasing the proportion of cull seedlings. The proportion of full seeds varied between individual trees and clones in cones collected from a forest stand and from a seed orchard. The average seed weights differed between trees or clones, but intracone variation was the greatest source of seed weight variance. This indicates that weight-based seed sorting may have a smaller impact on the genetic diversity of seed lots than previously thought. Seed and seedling producers as well as society have different preferences for seed quality attributes and different tools for quality management.

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Fungi colonizing Scots‐pine cone scales and seeds and their pathogenicity

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Susceptibility of cones and seeds to fungal infection in a pine (Pinus spp.) collection

Susceptibility of cones and seeds to fungal infection in a pine (Pinus spp.) collection

Association of seed‐borne Fusarium species on Pinus ponderosa with germination and seedling viability in Argentina

Seed quality attributes in seedling production of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.)

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