Fungi in Air Over the Atlantic Ocean

Pady, S. M.; Kapica, L.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1955.12024427

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although it is known that basidiospores from the majority of mushroom species do not move great distances [70]–[72], it is possible that fungal spores could disperse by high-altitude winds. Evidence of this phenomenon is provided, for example, by the trans-Atlantic migration of mushroom spores on the North Atlantic air current [73], and the long-distance dispersal of the rust fungus Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici from southern Africa to Australia [74].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleogene Radiation of a Plant Pathogenic Mushroom

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe global movement and speciation of fungal plant pathogens is important, especially because of the economic losses they cause and the ease with which they are able to spread across large areas. Understanding the biogeography and origin of these plant pathogens can provide insights regarding their dispersal and current day distribution. We tested the hypothesis of a Gondwanan origin of the plant pathogenic mushroom genus Armillaria and the currently accepted premise that vicariance accounts for the extant distribution of the species.MethodsThe phylogeny of a selection of Armillaria species was reconstructed based on Maximum Parsimony (MP), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI). A timeline was then placed on the divergence of lineages using a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock approach.ResultsPhylogenetic analyses of sequenced data for three combined nuclear regions provided strong support for three major geographically defined clades: Holarctic, South American-Australasian and African. Molecular dating placed the initial radiation of the genus at 54 million years ago within the Early Paleogene, postdating the tectonic break-up of Gondwana.ConclusionsThe distribution of extant Armillaria species is the result of ancient long-distance dispersal rather than vicariance due to continental drift. As these finding are contrary to most prior vicariance hypotheses for fungi, our results highlight the important role of long-distance dispersal in the radiation of fungal pathogens from the Southern Hemisphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleogene Radiation of a Plant Pathogenic Mushroom

et al. 2011

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“…The evidence presented here suggests that both Atlantic and Pacific Oceans provide a formidable barrier to gene flow in S. Loos et al 1993 (pathogenic oral bacterium) commune. In a study of trans-Atlantic spore migration, large numbers of mushroom basidiospores were trapped in North Atlantic air currents, even currents of tropical origin (Pady and Kapica 1955). However, the majority, if not all, of these basidiospores were presumed to be inviable.…”

Section: Long-distance Gene Flow and The Fungal Sporementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This conclusion is suggested by the fact that many species are cosmopolitan in distribution. Also, the knowledge that many fungal spores can traverse great distances and are found at high altitudes over land and oceans suggests that long-distance spore migration may be a real phenomenon (Stackman et al 1923;Pady and Kapica 1955;Hirst and Hurst 1967). This study seeks to determine whether intercontinental migrations are important in shaping the distribution and population genetic structure of a widely distributed mushroom species, Schizophyllum commune Fr.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence for Limited Intercontinental Gene Flow in the Cosmopolitan Mushroom, Schizophyllum commune

James¹,

Porter²,

Hamrick³

et al. 1999

Evolution

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The genetic structure of populations of Schizophyllum commune was inferred from electrophoretic variation among 136 individuals at 11 polymorphic allozyme loci to determine the extent of geographic differentiation in this widespread mushroom species. The majority of the genetic variation was contained within populations; however, considerable genetic differentiation was observed among populations (global G ST = 0.214). Clustering analysis demonstrated that genetic distance was correlated with geographic distance and that a large component of the genetic variation was due to allele frequency differences among populations from the eastern and western hemispheres. Our results also suggest that populations are large and geographically widespread. The lack of fixed genetic differences among intercontinental populations at any of the allozyme loci suggests that long-distance spore dispersal may counter the effects of genetic drift in this cosmopolitan species. These results are contrasted with a previous description of the same collection, in which the mating allele distribution of the species displayed no population substructure at any geographic scale (Raper et al. 1958). Broader implications of this study are that both species and mating allele distributions may not be correlated with long-distance gene flow in basidiomycete fungi.

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“…In very few of the studies, both the viable and total counts of spores have been investigated, e.g. Lau et al (2006); Pady and Kapica (1955); Griffin et al (2001); Bauer et al (2002a). All other studies either published total spores or only CFUs.…”

Section: Cfu Vs Total Spore Countmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global fungal spore emissions, review and synthesis of literature data

Dallafior¹,

Sesartić²

2010

Preprint

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The present paper summarizes fungal spore emission fluxes in different biomes. A literature study of more than 150 papers has been conducted and emission fluxes have been calculated based on 35 fungal spore concentration datasets. Biome area data has been derived from the World Resource Institute. Several assumptions and simplifications needed to be adopted while aggregating the data: results from different measurement methods have been treated equally, while diurnal and seasonal cycles have been neglected. Moreover flux data were aggregated to very coarse biome areas due to scarcity of data. Results show number fluxes per square meter and second of 3.13 for forest, 24.7 for shrub, 31.77 for crop, 0.03 for tundra, and 1.45 for grassland. No data were found for land ice. The annual mean global fluxes amount to 4×10−13 kg m−2 s−1 as the best estimates, and 2.2×10−13 kg m−2 s−1 and 8.9×10−13 kg m−2 s−1 as the low and high estimate, respectively

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Fungi in Air Over the Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 34 publications

References 14 publications

Paleogene Radiation of a Plant Pathogenic Mushroom

Paleogene Radiation of a Plant Pathogenic Mushroom

Evidence for Limited Intercontinental Gene Flow in the Cosmopolitan Mushroom, Schizophyllum commune

Global fungal spore emissions, review and synthesis of literature data

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