Fungi in leaves, twigs and stem bark of Populus tremula from northern Spain

Abstract

Fungal species were recorded from Populus tremula leaves, twigs and bark (trunk) at eight sites in the northern region of Spain, with the aim of evaluating the effect of sampling site, sampling tissue and isolation method on the frequency and species distribution of the fungi recovered from necrotic and healthy tissues. Two different isolation methods were used: the first consisted of finding fruitbodies on plant tissues after incubating them in wet and warm conditions, and the second included growing mycelia from plant fragments plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). A total of 48 fungal species were isolated from 960 plant fragments. Cytospora chrysosperma, previously reported to be a pathogen of poplar, was recovered very frequently and was recorded as much in healthy as in dead or dying tissues. Cladosporium maculicola, Elsinoe veneta, Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans and Pollaccia radiosa were also frequently isolated. The isolation frequencies from necrotic and healthy plant tissues were significantly different between sites and isolation methods. The incubation in moist chambers revealed significantly more fungal isolates and a higher species richness (38 species) than isolations on PDA. However, 16% of the fungal species were exclusively recorded from cultures. Therefore, a combination of several isolation methods is recommended for surveys of fungal communities associated with trees.

Monitoring endophyte populations in pine plantations and native oak forests in Northern Spain

“…Similar numbers of taxa were recorded in the present study as in previous surveys on fungal communities from other hosts, including conifers and broadleaf trees under mild climate (Petrini and Fisher, 1990;Collado et al, 2000;Ragazzi et al, 2003;Martín-Pinto et al, 2004;Santamaría and Diez, 2005;Zamora et al, 2008). The most abundant species observed in the present study (A. pullulans, Penicillium spp., A. niger, Cladosporium spp.…”

“…The most abundant species observed in the present study (A. pullulans, Penicillium spp., A. niger, Cladosporium spp. and A. alternata complex) are ubiq- (Fisher et al, 1994;Collado et al, 1999;Nicolotti et al, 2003), Pinus (Martín-Pinto et al, 2004;Zamora et al, 2008;Botella et al, 2010), Populus (Santamaría and Diez, 2005;Martín-García et al, 2011;Martín-García et al, 2012), Eucalyptus (Bettucci and Alonso, 1997), Betula (Green, 2004), Picea (Johnson and Whitney, 1992) and Calocedrus (Petrini and Carroll, 1981). Conversely, other species isolated are known secondary and opportunistic pathogens.…”

In vitro and in vivo interactions between Trichoderma viride and Fusarium circinatum

“…Ex Desm.) Ces & De Not., are ubiquitous taxa that are often isolated from very different host genera (Collado et al 2000, Martín-Pinto et al 2004, Santamaría and Diez 2005, Zamora et al 2008, Botella et al 2010, Botella and Diez 2011, Martín-García et al 2011.…”

“…where n ij is the number of the isolates of the fungus found in site i and in tissue j, and N ij is the number of samples examined in site i and in tissue j (Santamaría and Diez 2005). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to check for significant differences among the R.I.F.…”

The Genome of Black Cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray)

“…If we naively calibrate the molecular clock using synonymous rates observed in the Brassicaceae (19) or derived from the Arabidopsis-Oryza divergence (20), we would conclude that the genome duplication in Populus is very recent (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) Mya as reported by 19 ). Yet the fossil record shows that the Populus and Salix lineages diverged 60-65 million years ago (22)(23)(24)(25).…”