Fungi of New Zealand subantarctic Islands

The New Zealand Subantarctic Islands, emergent remnants of the Campbell Plateau, were given World Heritage status in 1998 in recognition of their importance to global biodiversity. We describe the flora and fauna of these islands and discuss the results of recent phylogenetic analyses. Part of the New Zealand Subantarctic biota appears to be relictual and to be derived from west Gondwana. The relictual element is characterized by genera endemic to the Campbell Plateau that show relationships with taxa of the southern South Island, New Zealand, southern South America, and the north Pacific. In contrast, a younger, east Gondwanan element is composed of species that are either taxonomically identical to widespread mainland species, or endemic species with close New Zealand relatives. Area cladograms support the inclusion of the southern South Island, New Zealand and Macquarie Island (although this is separate geologically) as parts of the Campbell Plateau, but suggest the Chatham Rise and Torlesse terranes of the eastern South Island, New Zealand were originally parts of east Gondwana. East and west Antarctica acted as independent plates during the breakup of Gondwana, and were separated by oceanic crust until a compressive phase sutured them along the trace of the trans‐Antarctic mountains during the early Tertiary. The Campbell Plateau microcontinent was connected to west Antarctica until its separation at 80 Mya, contemporaneous with the separation of the southern portion of the Melanesian rift from east Gondwana. Presently the Campbell Plateau is joined to the Melanesian Rift along the Alpine Fault. Cenozoic plate tectonic reconstructions place the Campbell Plateau adjacent to the Melanesian Rift throughout the rift–drift phase, relative motion being confined to strike–slip movement over the last 20 Myr. Our synthesis of phylogenetic and plate tectonic evidence suggests that the Alpine Fault is the most recent development of a much older extensional rift/basin boundary originally separating west and east Gondwana. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 86, 95–115.

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“…McKenzie & Foggo (1989) listed the fungi of the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands. At that time only 49 named species had been reported.…”

Section: Annotated Review Of the Plants And Animals Of The Subantarcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

East meets west: biogeology of the Campbell Plateau

Michaux¹,

Leschen

2005

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Records of New Zealand collections of G. lucidum (and earlier synonyms) may belong here too, although collections have not been located. McKenzie & Foggo (1989) (Reid 1967). Cu~ingham (1949a, p. 1) reported that a collection at K labelled Lenzites abietina Fr.…”

Section: Diplomitoporus Domanskimentioning

confidence: 99%

An annotated checklist of polypore and polypore‐like fungi recorded from New Zealand

Buchanan¹,

Rwarden

2000

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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A brief history of taxonomic research on New Zealand POlYPOre fungi is given, followed by a checklist of published New Zealand records of these fungi. In total, 169 Poroid taxa a accqted, of which 48 have currently misapplied or uncertain nameS. A further 359 nameS used for New Zea1and polypore fungi are cited as synonyms, and 33 names are treated as doubtful records. Twelve species are newly recorded from New Zealand: Anomoporia myceliosa, Australohydnum dregeanum, Ceriporiopsis rivulosa var. valdiviana, Coriolopsis strumosa, Junghuhnia separabilima, Phaeolus schweinitzii sens. str., Postia fragilis, Postia tephroleuca, Rigidoporus albostygius, Trechispora regularis, Tyromyces fissilis, and T. hypolateritius. The new combination Postia manuka is proposed. All names are indexed by epithet, followed by a bibliography.

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“…Sphaerobolus is commonly known as “artillery fungus” because of its capability of ejecting a gleba up to 6 m from its base [ 19 , 22 , 23 ]. The genus Sphaerobolus has been recorded in various continents, including North and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe [ 20 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. According to Index Fungorum [ 33 ], there are 35 records of the genus Sphaerobolus ; nevertheless, more recent studies by Geml et al [ 20 ] and Vasava et al [ 31 ] have shown that the genus Sphaerobolus consists of four taxonomically distinct species: S. ingoldii , S. iowensis , S. stellatus, and S. jaysukhianus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification, Characterization, and Control of Black Spot on Chinese Kale Caused by Sphaerobolus cuprophilus sp. nov.

Kalayanamitra

Nontajak³

et al. 2023

Plants

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Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra) is commonly grown and consumed throughout Asia and is often treated with chemicals to control pests and diseases. In Thailand, public standards, Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), and International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) programs were introduced for the cultivation of Chinese kale with minimum input of chemical treatments. Black spot caused by the fungus Sphaerobolus has been affecting the plants grown under IFOAM standards in Chiang Mai, Thailand, for several years. Strongly adhering glebal spore masses of the fungus on leaf and stem surfaces have adversely affected postharvest management, especially in the quality classification of the product. Both morphological and phylogenetic (combined ITS, mtSSU, and EF 1-α dataset) studies confirmed a novel species, S. cuprophilus. Pathogenicity tests involving inoculation of Chinese kale by non-wound and mulch inoculation bioassays resulted in the production of symptoms of black spot and the re-isolation of S. cuprophilus, indicating that the new fungal species is the causal agent of black spots. Inhibitory effects of antagonistic bacteria and chemical fungicides, both allowed for use in plant cultivation under either IFOAM or GAP standards, indicated that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains (PBT2 and YMB7), chlorothalonil (20 and 500 ppm) and thiophanate-methyl (500 and 1500 ppm) were the most effective in controlling the growth of the causal fungus by 83 to 93%. However, copper oxychloride (5 to 20 ppm), a recommended chemical in control of downy mildew of Chinese kale, showed hormetic effects on S. cuprophilus by promoting the growth and sporulation of the fungus. The findings of this study provide vital information regarding the association of S. cuprophilus and Chinese kale and will support decisions to manage fungal diseases of this vegetable.

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Fungi of New Zealand subantarctic Islands

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

East meets west: biogeology of the Campbell Plateau

East meets west: biogeology of the Campbell Plateau

An annotated checklist of polypore and polypore‐like fungi recorded from New Zealand

Identification, Characterization, and Control of Black Spot on Chinese Kale Caused by Sphaerobolus cuprophilus sp. nov.

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