Fungi of quarantine concern for China I:Dothideomycetes

Abstract

The current list of Chinese quarantine pests includes 130 fungal species. However, recent changes in the taxonomy of fungi following the one fungus = one name initiative and the implementation of DNA phylogeny in taxonomic revisions, resulted in many changes of these species names, necessitating an update of the current list. In addition, many quarantine fungi lack modern morphological descriptions and authentic DNA sequences, posing significant challenges for the development of diagnostic protocols. The aim of the present study was to review the taxonomy and names of the 33 Chinese quarantine fungi in Dothideomycetes, and provide reliable DNA barcodes to facilitate rapid identification. Of these, 23 names were updated according to the single name nomenclature system, including one new combination, namely Cophinforma tumefaciens comb. nov. (syn. Sphaeropsis tumefaciens). On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons, a new genus Xenosphaeropsis is introduced to accommodate the monotypic species Xenosphaeropsis pyriputrescens comb. nov. (syn. Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens), the causal agent of a post-harvest disease of pears. Furthermore, four lectotypes (Ascochyta petroselini, Mycosphaerella ligulicola, Physalospora laricina, Sphaeria lingam), three epitypes (Ascochyta petroselini, Phoma lycopersici, Sphaeria lingam), and two neotypes (Ascochyta pinodella, Deuterophoma tracheiphila) are designated to stabilise the use of these names. A further four reference strains are introduced for Cophinforma tumefaciens, Helminthosporium solani, Mycocentro­spora acerina, and Septoria linicola. In addition, to assist future studies on these important pathogens, we sequenced and assembled whole genomes for 17 species, including Alternaria triticina, Boeremia foveata, B. lycopersici, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Didymella glomerata, Didymella pinodella, Diplodia mutila, Helminthosporium solani, Mycocentrospora acerina, Neofusicoccum laricinum, Parastagonospora pseudonodorum, Plenodomus libanotidis, Plenodomus lingam, Plenodomus tracheiphilus, Septoria petroselini, Stagonosporopsis chrysanthemi, and Xenosphaeropsis pyriputrescens.

Synopsis of Leptosphaeriaceae and Introduction of Three New Taxa and One New Record from China

“…It is especially significant where taxa are described from genera that usually accommodate pathogens [ 60 , 61 ]. For example, Plenodomus and Alternariaster are the causal agents of blackleg disease and leaf spots of Helianthus annuus (sunflower) worldwide [ 31 , 32 , 62 , 63 ]. The discovery of novel species in a pathogenic genus could also indicate the discovery of emerging pathogens that can cause damage to economically important crops [ 64 , 65 ].…”

“…de Gruyter et al [ 29 ] determined that the Plenodomus section was distinct from Phoma sensu stricto based on phylogenetic analyses and classified Phoma under Didymellaceae . The Plenodomus species are the causal agents of diverse diseases on different plants throughout the world [ 30 , 31 ]. Plenodomus species are also isolated as saprobes on dead branches and stems of plants [ 17 ].…”

New Species of Didymellaceae within Aquatic Plants from Southwestern China

“…The phylogenetic tree was constructed with four loci, ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2, to identify these isolates of Didymellaceae at the species level. The reference strains were selected on the basis of the high sequence similarity of BLAST searches of ITS in GenBank and the adjacent strains provided by recent studies of Didymellaceae [54][55][56][57][58][59]. We selected 310 isolates that had been sequenced and deposited in GenBank as reference strains, referring to 34 representative genera.…”

Untitled

“…It was considered that P. lingam is more aggressive than P. biglobosus and causes higher crop losses (West et al, 2001;Lob et al, 2013;Zou et al, 2019). Plenodomus lingam is a fungus of quarantine concern in China (Chen et al, 2010;Zhao et al, 2021).…”

“…Показано, что штаммы B. subtilis образуют индивидуальный набор антибиотиков (полимиксин, циркулин и колистин), активный против фитопатогенных грибов Alternaria solani, Aspergillus flavus, Botryosphaeria ribis, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Bipolaris maydis, Septoria arcuata (Fira et al, 2018). Антимикробные вещества, как правило, действуют синергетически, обусловливая выраженный антипатогенный эффект (Duan et al, 2021). Например, высокая антагонистическая активность штамма B. velezensis FJAT-46737 в отношении нескольких фитопатогенов, включая бактерию Ralstonia solanacearum и гриб F. oxysporum, обусловлена секрецией липопептидов, состоящих из итуринов, фенгицинов и сурфактинов (Chen et al, 2020).…”