Fungicide Management of Faba Bean Gall (Olpidium viciae) in Ethiopia

Abstract

Various biotic, abiotic and socio-economic factors negatively affect the productivity of the crop. Among these, a new disease known as Faba bean galls (Olpidium viciae) has become a serious threat to faba bean production and productivity in highland areas of central and northern Ethiopia. Thus, field experiment was conducted in Lay Gorebela and Mush to assess the efficacies of fungicides for the management of faba bean gall under natural infection. Six fungicides were evaluated alongside control in randomized complete block design in three replications. Fungicides showed different levels of efficiency at both locations in both seasons. In 2014/15, the highest percent severity index and area under disease progress curve were calculated from control plots at both locations. At Lay Gorebela, higher grain yields were recorded from Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP and Triadimefon 250 g/L sprayed plots whereas plots sprayed with Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP gave higher yield at Mush. Similar trends in percent severity index and grain yield were observed with control treatment in 2015/16. Percent severity index and area under disease progress curve were negatively correlated with grain yield and positively correlated with each other at both locations and seasons. Partial budget analysis indicated as Triadimefon 250 g/L and Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP were cost-effective. The chemical treatment could be used as a short-term control strategy, and a component in integrated management of faba bean galls.

Participatory evaluation of faba bean gall disease (Olpidium viciae) management options in the highland disease hotspot areas of South-Eastern Amhara Region, Ethiopia: An integrated approach

“…), rust (Uromyces Vicia fabae), black root rot (Fusarium solani), and foot rot (Fusarium avenaceum) are among fungal groups that contribute to the low productivity of the crop. On top of the above, recently, faba bean production has been constrained by a new emerging disease known as faba bean gall caused by Olpidium viciae (Kusano) that causes up to complete crop failure in susceptible cultivars and under conducive prevailing conditions (Abebe et al, 2018;Hailu et al, 2014;Wondwosen et al, 2019b;2019a;Yitayih & Azmeraw, 2017). The production of the crop is highly challenged and farmers are frustrated by the nature of the disease and thus cultivation of faba bean by smallholder farmers is diminishing in the country.…”

“…The production of the crop is highly challenged and farmers are frustrated by the nature of the disease and thus cultivation of faba bean by smallholder farmers is diminishing in the country. For this disease in the country, no sound control measure has been investigated yet, except the limited recommendations by (Abebe et al, 2018;Alehegn et al, 2018;Bitew & Tigabe, 2016;Hailemariam et al, 2017;Wondwosen et al, 2019b;2019a;Yitayih & Azmeraw, 2017).…”

“…Currently, different attempts have been made for control of complex faba bean gall disease including fungicide sprays. Application of fungicide like Bayleton 25 WP (Traidimefon) (Abebe et al, 2018;Bitew & Tigabe, 2016;Hailemariam et al, 2017) and Redomil Gold MZ 68 WG (Metalaxil-M40 g/kg +Macoze 640 g/kg) (Abebe et al, 2018;Bitew & Tigabe, 2016;Wondwosen et al, 2019b) were significantly reduced faba bean gall disease. Besides the improved variety including Dosha, Gora, and Gachena was identified as moderately resistant to this disease (Alehegn et al, 2018;Wondwosen et al, 2019a).…”