Fungicide Registration and a Small Niche Market: A Case History of Hymexazol Seed Treatment and the U.S. Sugar Beet Industry

Harveson, Robert M.; Windels, Carol E.; Smith, John A.; Brantner, Jason R.; Cattanach, A. W.; Giles, J. F.; Hubbell, Lee A.; Cattanach, Norman

doi:10.1094/pdis-91-7-0780

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Sugar beets are utilized as a fuel feedstock for ethanol production, and the pulp byproduct of sucrose extraction is used to produce non-starch livestock feed (Alexiades et al, 2018). Overall, sugar beets are agriculturally and economically valuable in the USA, as well as many other countries, including France, Canada, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, Chile, Germany, Spain, Hungary, Sweden, the Netherlands, Australia, and Japan (Draycott, 2006; Harveson et al, 2007; Olsson et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soil-dwelling oomycete, Aphanomyces cochlioides , is the causal agent of damping-off and root rot of sugar beet, causing yield losses in all major sugar beet growing regions. In the RRV, it was estimated that Aphanomyces root rot (ARR) occurs in half of all sugar beet fields, and in southern Minnesota it occurs in nearly all sugar beet fields (Beale et al, 2002; Harveson et al, 2007). The disease risk is higher in water-saturated regions of a field and affected area can range from a square meter to an entire field (Windels, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severe ARR can reduce sucrose yields up to 27% and increase impurities in the roots which reduce its value for sucrose extraction (Olsson et al, 2011; Windels, 2000). ACSC estimates that its monetary losses are approximately 10 million dollars annually due to this disease (Harveson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA-based detection of Aphanomyces cochlioides in soil and sugar beet plants

Botkin

Hirsch

Martin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Aphanomyces cochlioides, the causal agent of seedling damping-off and Aphanomyces root rot (ARR) of sugar beet, causes yield losses in major sugar beet growing regions. Currently, a 4-week soil bioassay and a 2-day culture-based assay are used to diagnose presence of A. cochlioides. However, these assays can be time-consuming and lack sensitivity. In this study we developed a sensitive, specific, and rapid assay to detect and quantify DNA of A. cochlioides. We developed a TaqMan qPCR assay targeting a region of the mitochondrial genome of A. cochlioides representing a unique gene order for Aphanomyces with genus-specific primers and a species-specific probe. The qPCR assay detected A. cochlioides in 12 naturally infested field soil samples with disease severity index (DSI) values of 48-100, in sugar beet seedlings 5-7 days after planting, and with as little as 1 fg of pure A. cochlioides DNA. Adult sugar beet roots with ARR symptoms were sampled to further validate this qPCR assay. Aphanomyces cochlioides was detected in 95% of these samples using this qPCR assay, while only 23% of the same samples were positive using a culture-based assay. This shows the improved sensitivity of this qPCR assay for disease diagnosis and could provide growers with ARR risk of a field, which would help them make informed disease management decisions. However, further research is required to translate the results of this study to growers’ fields to quantify A. cochlioides with a high degree of accuracy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA-based detection of Aphanomyces cochlioides in soil and sugar beet plants

Botkin

Hirsch

Martin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…It was firstly launched in 1960s to control seedling diseases, and improve plant vigor in rice [16]. It is also considered as plant growth-regulating agent [17]. The multiple abilities of HMI or, hymexazol [18] can promote the growth and development of different plant in vitro culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Concentration of Putative Anti-Auxin and Anti-Fungal Agent Accelerates the PLB Organogenesis of <em>Dendrobium okinawense</em> Under Green LED

Mehbub¹,

Shimasaki²,

Mehraj³

2021

Preprint

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Dendrobium okinawense is an endangered epiphytic orchid, and there has been no scientific report so far on its propagation. Protocorm is mass of cell, and protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) look alike protocorm produced by vegetative explants in vitro. Regeneration of PLBs is the most efficient technique for the orchids micro-propagation. We used different light emitting diodes (LEDs) for the efficient PLB organogenesis of D. okinawense. PLBs regenartion under green and red LED surpassed respectively 81.1% and 71.6% in numbers, and respectively 80.8% and 57.8% in fresh weight over white fluorescent light. We manipulated the culture media by different concentrations of PCIB and HMI. PLBs organogenesis promoted by low concentration, it increased respectively 35.9% and 19.3% over control by 0.01 mg/L PCIB and 0.01 ml/L HMI in numbers. Green LED and PCIB independently produced mostly similar numbers of new PLBs. Interestingly, culture media with 0.01 mg/L of PCIB further increased 8.5% of the numbers of PLBs under green LED, whereas the culture media with 0.01 mg/L HMI reduced the number of PLBs under green LED. PLBs culture under green LED with very low concentrations of PCIB manipulated culture media can significantly increase their organogenesis of D. okinawense.

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“…Aphanomyces cochlioides produces thick-walled oospores that germinate zoosporangia and release infective zoospores (Islam, 2010). ARR is intractable due to long survival periods of oospores, which can persist in soil for several years (Windels & Brantner, 2000;Harveson et al, 2007). Aphanomyces cochlioides causes both acute damping-off, where the seedling hypocotyl becomes necrotic and constricted, and chronic ARR, which occurs throughout the growing season resulting in stunting, chlorosis, and necrotic water-soaked lesions on the taproot (Windels, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A reference genome sequence resource for the sugar beet root rot pathogen Aphanomyces cochlioides

Botkin

Chanda

Martin

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Aphanomyces cochlioides, the causal agent of damping-off and root rot of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), is a soil-dwelling oomycete responsible for yield losses in all major sugar beet growing regions. Currently, genomic resources for A. cochlioides are limited. Here we report a de novo genome assembly using a combination of long-read MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) and short-read Illumina sequence data for A. cochlioides isolate 103-1, from Breckenridge, MN. The assembled genome was 76.3 Mb, with a contig N50 of 2.6 Mb. The reference assembly was annotated and was composed of 32.1% repetitive elements and 20,274 gene models. This high-quality genome assembly of A. cochlioides will be a valuable resource for understanding genetic variation, virulence factors, and comparative genomics of this important sugar beet pathogen.

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Fungicide Registration and a Small Niche Market: A Case History of Hymexazol Seed Treatment and the U.S. Sugar Beet Industry

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

DNA-based detection of Aphanomyces cochlioides in soil and sugar beet plants

DNA-based detection of Aphanomyces cochlioides in soil and sugar beet plants

Low Concentration of Putative Anti-Auxin and Anti-Fungal Agent Accelerates the PLB Organogenesis of <em>Dendrobium okinawense</em> Under Green LED

A reference genome sequence resource for the sugar beet root rot pathogen Aphanomyces cochlioides

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