FUNGUS TRANSPORT STRUCTURES IN THE FIR ENGRAVER, <i>SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS</i> (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Livingston, R. Ladd; Berryman, Alan A.

doi:10.4039/ent1041793-11

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar community interactions may be common in mycangial species. At least it seems that a disproportionate number of the most economically important bark beetle species are mycangial: e.g., D. ponderosae, D. jeffreyi, D. brevicomis, D. adjunctatus, Ips acuminatus, I. sexdentatus, and Scolytis ventralis (Francke-Grosmann 1963, Barras and Perry 1971, Livingston and Berryman 1972, Paine and Birch 1983, Berryman 1986, Liebhold et al 1986, Berryman and Ferrell 1988, Raffa 1988, Lévieux et al 1991, Six and Paine 1996. In contrast, non-mycangial beetles exist within a weaker matrix of community interactions and should be less likely to experience endogenous feedback from the rest of the community (Hochberg andHolt 1990, Wilson et al 1996).…”

Section: Population and Community Consequences Of Alternative Nutritimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Budgets of Phloem-Feeding Bark Beetles With and Without Symbiotic Fungi

Ayres

Wilkens

Ruel

et al. 2000

Ecology

263

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The nitrogen content of plant tissue is low relative to that of herbivores; as a consequence, dietary N can limit the growth and reproduction of herbivores and select for attributes that increase N acquisition. Bark beetles face a particularly severe challenge because the phloem that they consume is very low in nitrogen and phosphorus relative to their requirements. We quantified variation in the phloem concentrations of N and P in the host tree, Pinus taeda, and evaluated the following hypotheses regarding the role of symbiotic fungi in nutrient budgets of the herbivore Dendroctonus frontalis: D. frontalis experience variation in phloem nutrient concentrations across several spatial scales (H1); mycangial fungi enhance the diet of D. frontalis larvae by contributing to the acquisition of N and P (H2); Ophiostoma minus, an apparently antagonistic fungal symbiont, hinders D. frontalis larvae because it does not enhance nutrient concentrations of the phloem as much as mycangial fungi do (H3); and larvae of bark beetle species that lack mycangial fungi must consume more phloem to accomplish the same growth as larvae of D. frontalis (H4). In addition, we developed a general model for the N budgets of herbivorous insects that identifies the possible combinations of dietary and physiological parameters that can allow developmental success on low‐nutrient diets. Spatial variation in phloem N was mostly at the level of trees within sites (a scale of meters) while P mostly varied among sites (a scale of kilometers). Trees with higher N content produced larger D. frontalis adults. Prior to infestation by beetles, phloem nutrient concentrations were very uniform within trees and very low relative to that of the bark beetles (N and P concentrations of D. frontalis adults were 28 and 8 times greater, respectively). During infestation, phloem nutrient concentrations increased overall and became highly variable within trees. Nitrogen concentrations increased from 0.40 ± 0.01% (mean ± 1 se) in uninfested phloem to 0.86 ± 0.03% in the phloem surrounding successfully developing D. frontalis larvae, which are typically associated with one or two species of mutualistic mycangial fungi. Nitrogen concentrations were intermediate in other microhabitats within infested trees, including regions with no adult colonization, with failed larval development, or colonized by the antagonistic bluestain fungus O. minus. We parameterized a general nutrient‐budget model for D. frontalis and a sympatric non‐mycangial bark beetle, Ips grandicollis, which indicated that (1) mycangial fungi provide their benefits by concentrating dietary N for larvae; (2) O. minus may exert its antagonistic effects on D. frontalis larvae by failing to concentrate dietary N as much as mycangial fungi do; (3) non‐mycangial bark beetles meet their N budgets through high consumption of unaltered, low‐N phloem; and (4) larvae should easily meet their P requirements with any combination of consumption rate and development time that allows them to meet their N requirements. A...

show abstract

Section: Population and Community Consequences Of Alternative Nutritimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Budgets of Phloem-Feeding Bark Beetles With and Without Symbiotic Fungi

Ayres

Wilkens

Ruel

et al. 2000

Ecology

263

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The fir engraver beetle carries a mutualistic fungus (Trichosporium syrnbioticum Wright) which it introduces into the tree when it attacks (Wright 1935;Livingston and Berryman 1972). Grand firs respond to this invasion by producing a localized hypersensitive reaction which involves rapid necrosis of tissues surrounding the site of the wound and the production of chemicals detrimental to both the fungus and the beetle (Berryman 1969(Berryman , 1972Wong and Benyman 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE RESPONSE OF TWO STRAINS OF HYLEMYA ANTIQUA (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) TO A CONSTANT AND AN ALTERNATING TEMPERATURE REGIME

Robinson¹,

Zurlini²

1979

Can Entomol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Can. Enf. 111: 1255Enf. 111: -1262Enf. 111: (1979 Monoterpene production, inner bark carbohydrate concentrations, and fir engraver attacks on grand fir were monitored for 3 years following Douglas-fir tussock moth defoliation. Monoterpenes were reduced for 2 years following defoliation. Defoliation caused a reduction in total sugars the first year following defoliation and a reduction in starch the second year. Total sugars and the previous year's starch concentrations were positively correlated with monoterpene production. The trees which produced the least amounts of monoterpenes were the ones successfully attacked by the fir engraver.', ¶Department of Entomology and Bioanalytical Laboratory, respectively 'Scientific Paper No. SP 5237. College

show abstract

“…This apparently controls the opening of the thorax-abdominal joint, whereas the other pubescences appear to separate spores from each other. At the posteroventral area of the coxa, there are many hollows which, although they have no processes on the wall, closely resemble the pit-type mycetangia of ambrosia beetles (Farris & Funk 1965;Livingston & Berryman 1972;Nakashima 1975).…”

Section: Microscopical Observation Of Cracle Leaf and Female Weevilmentioning

confidence: 99%

An attelabid weevil (Euops splendida) cultivates fungi

Sakurai

1985

J. Ethol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

FUNGUS TRANSPORT STRUCTURES IN THE FIR ENGRAVER, SCOLYTUS VENTRALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Cited by 33 publications

References 11 publications

Nitrogen Budgets of Phloem-Feeding Bark Beetles With and Without Symbiotic Fungi

Nitrogen Budgets of Phloem-Feeding Bark Beetles With and Without Symbiotic Fungi

THE RESPONSE OF TWO STRAINS OF HYLEMYA ANTIQUA (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) TO A CONSTANT AND AN ALTERNATING TEMPERATURE REGIME

An attelabid weevil (Euops splendida) cultivates fungi

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About