Furfural to <scp>FDCA</scp>: systematic process design and techno‐economic evaluation

Dubbink, Guus; Geverink, Thomas R.J.; Haar, Bas; Koets, Harald W.; Kumar, Abhay; Berg, Henk van den; Ham, A.G.J. van der; Lange, Jean‐Paul

doi:10.1002/bbb.2204

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Hence, the profitability of the process is particularly dependent on future FDCA price assumptions. Since no mature FDCA market is yet existing, literature estimated revenue values were used 58 – 60 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the yield of FDCA can also be further optimized to about 80% based on literature 65 , 66 . In fact, such an increase in yields would enable a profitable (7% return) operation of the process even under the assumption of the lowest possible FDCA prices discussed in the literature 58 . Another important aspect is to carefully assess the benefits of bio-based products compared to fossil-based ones, especially in relation to carbon neutrality and climate benefits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An interesting research direction would be to attempt the use of Cu20-PMO or other suitable catalysts in a continuous flow operation 63 , 64 , thereby focusing on maximizing yield and selectivity of 1 G and 1 S to afford near-theoretical yield of PC and optimal solvent consumption and recovery. In fact, the Ni-catalyzed funneling strategy developed here can be used for any bio-oil obtained from RCF 58 or other prominent cutting-edge depolymerization efforts 59 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fully lignocellulose-based PET analogues for the circular economy

Galkin

Stern

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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Polyethylene terephthalate is one of the most abundantly used polymers, but also a significant pollutant in oceans. Due to growing environmental concerns, polyethylene terephthalate alternatives are highly sought after. Here we present readily recyclable polyethylene terephthalate analogues, made entirely from woody biomass. Central to the concept is a two-step noble metal free catalytic sequence (Cu20-PMO catalyzed reductive catalytic fractionation and Raney Ni mediated catalytic funneling) that allows for obtaining a single aliphatic diol 4-(3-hydroxypropyl) cyclohexan-1-ol in high isolated yield (11.7 wt% on lignin basis), as well as other product streams that are converted to fuels, achieving a total carbon yield of 29.5%. The diol 4-(3-hydroxypropyl) cyclohexan-1-ol is co-polymerized with methyl esters of terephthalic acid and furan dicarboxylic acid, both of which can be derived from the cellulose residues, to obtain polyesters with competitive Mw and thermal properties (Tg of 70–90 °C). The polymers show excellent chemical recyclability in methanol and are thus promising candidates for the circular economy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fully lignocellulose-based PET analogues for the circular economy

Galkin

Stern

et al. 2022

Nat Commun

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“…Among those biomass‐based aromatic monomers, 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is produced by chemical or biological treatment of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) obtained from renewable glucose resources. FDCA has a furan ring and two carboxyl groups on both sides, making it a suitable replacement for structurally similar fossil fuel‐based materials such as terephthalic acid (TPA) or isophthalic acid (IPA) 9–11 . Accordingly, FDCA‐based polyamides have been widely synthesized and investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FDCA has a furan ring and two carboxyl groups on both sides, making it a suitable replacement for structurally similar fossil fuel-based materials such as terephthalic acid (TPA) or isophthalic acid (IPA). [9][10][11] Accordingly, FDCA-based polyamides have been widely synthesized and investigated. However, most FDCAbased polyamides are semi-aromatic owing to the synthesis of FDCA with aliphatic diamines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylation‐assisted synthesis and characterization of poly(3,4'‐oxydiphenylene furanamide) as a wholly aromatic polyamide using biomass‐derived 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid

Choi

Jeong

2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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We report the phosphorylation‐assisted polymerization and characterization of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA)‐based wholly aromatic polyamide. For this purpose, poly(3,4′‐oxydiphenylene furanamide) (PODFA) was synthesized via solution polymerization of FDCA with 3,4′‐oxydiphenylamine (ODPA) in the presence of triphenyl phosphite and pyridine. The spectroscopic analyses and solution viscosity measurement revealed the successful synthesis of a relatively high molecular weight PODFA with good solubility in a variety of polar aprotic solvents without inorganic salts. PODFA could be thus processed into purely amorphous films with high flexibility in bending and folding deformation. The 39 μm thick PODFA film exhibited optical transparency, and the 65–100 μm thick films showed a transparent yellow or light brown color. The amorphous PODFA films were characterized to have excellent thermal and static mechanical properties in terms of a glass transition temperature of ~260°C, a thermal decomposition peak temperature of ~450°C, a residue of ~50% at 800°C under nitrogen gas condition, an initial modulus of 12.98 ± 1.84 GPa, a tensile strength of 84.6 ± 17.3 MPa, and a strain at break of 2.3 ± 1.5% at room temperature.

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5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural and its Downstream Chemicals: A Review of Catalytic Routes

Chen,

Lv,

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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Biomass assumes an increasingly vital role in the realm of renewable energy and sustainable development due to its abundant availability, renewability, and minimal environmental impact. Within this context, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), derived from sugar dehydration, stands out as a critical bio‐derived product. It serves as a pivotal multifunctional platform compound, integral in synthesizing various vital chemicals, including furan‐based polymers, fine chemicals, and biofuels. The high reactivity of HMF, attributed to its highly active aldehyde, hydroxyl, and furan ring, underscores the challenge of selectively regulating its conversion to obtain the desired products. This review highlights the research progress on efficient catalytic systems for HMF synthesis, oxidation, reduction, and etherification. Additionally, it outlines the techno‐economic analysis (TEA) and prospective research directions for the production of furan‐based chemicals. Despite significant progress in catalysis research, and certain process routes demonstrating substantial economics, with key indicators surpassing petroleum‐based products, a gap persists between fundamental research and large‐scale industrialization. This is due to the lack of comprehensive engineering research on bio‐based chemicals, making the commercialization process a distant goal. These findings provide valuable insights for further development of this field.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Furfural to FDCA: systematic process design and techno‐economic evaluation

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Fully lignocellulose-based PET analogues for the circular economy

Fully lignocellulose-based PET analogues for the circular economy

Phosphorylation‐assisted synthesis and characterization of poly(3,4'‐oxydiphenylene furanamide) as a wholly aromatic polyamide using biomass‐derived 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid

5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural and its Downstream Chemicals: A Review of Catalytic Routes

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