Furnaces and air heaters in blast furnace shop at OAO MMK

Improving the Efficiency of a Blast Furnace and Increasing its Campaign with Mathematical Models Run in Real Time as Part of the Automatic Process Control System

“…From Figs. 3,5,7, and 8, it can be seen that the "opening" of the periphery in the throat (Fig. 5) leads to the opening of the periphery in the bosh (Fig.…”

“…-experiments at NTMK, MMK, KarMK, ChelMK, and Tulachermet blast furnaces (BF) conducted to validate the MMs and to develop methods of adapting them to the real conditions [5];…”

“…-decrease of the tuyere diameter (d t ) at the MMK BFs from 180 to 140 mm (now) and justification of the choice of d t [5];…”

“…To validate the Gorn module of the Domna model and to develop methods of adapting it to real conditions of smelting, unique research involving sounding of the tuyere zones of the MMK BF-9 and BF-6 was conducted in 1978-1980 [5]. As a result, expressions for the dimensions of the tuyere zones were derived and the actual gas temperature in the tuyere zones was measured.…”

“…To control the temperature of smelting products adjoining the masonry at the bottom of the stack, in the belly and bosh, use is made of the two-dimensional mathematical model (TMM) [4] integrated into the automatic process control system of five MMK furnaces with bell-less top charging systems (BCS) by adding the following -radially nonuniform two-stage heat transfer in five equivolume axisymmetric parts of the stack in countercurrent with constant heat capacities of burden and gases at each stage (Radius module) [4]; the thermal balance equations for the second zone that differ from those for the first zone by accounting for not only heat losses, but also the thermal effects of melting and reduction reactions are used to determine the temperature of the materials at the exit from each ring part, provided that the average temperature of the materials at the entry to the tuyere zones is equal to ′′ t 2 ; -the full TMM consisting of Stack, Gorn, Domna, and Radius modules [5]. Finally, the TMM finds the distribution of temperature of materials and gases along the height of each of the five rings (Fig.…”