Furostanol saponins from Asparagus racemosus as potential hypoglycemic agents

Pandey, Alka Raj; Ahmad, Shadab; Singh, Satyendra; Mishra, Anjali; Bisen, Amol Chhatrapati; Sharma, Gaurav; Ahmad, Ishbal; Shukla, Sanjeev K.; Bhatta, Rabi Sankar; Kanojiya, Sanjeev; Tamrakar, Akhilesh K.; Sashidhara, Koneni V.

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113286

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Cell experiments have demonstrated that baicalein reduces malondialdehyde (MDA) formation by improving antioxidant enzyme activity, which inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress response and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activity, thereby reducing inflammatory factor production and blood glucose ( 23 ). DFV, a single component of dehydroalanine extracted from licorice, improves superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduces MDA content, which reduces the oxidative stress damage in cardiomyocytes after high glucose stimulation ( 24 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma on the regulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveCodonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma (CRPR) has a good hypoglycemic effect. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effect of CRPR on high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFHSD)- and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice as well as to investigate the involved mechanism.MethodsA T2DM mouse model was generated by combining HFHSD and STZ. After the model was established, normal and model groups received the same volume of normal saline intragastrically, and the negative control group was treated with metformin (200 mg/kg·BW). The low, medium, and high CRPR groups received four consecutive weeks of oral gavage with CRPR doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg·BW, respectively, during the course of the study. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured on a weekly basis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs) were used to evaluate the serum and liver samples. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was utilized to observe the pathological status of the liver and pancreas. Western blot (WB) analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT.ResultsCompared to model mice, each treatment group had significantly elevated levels of FBG, total cholesterol (TC), and triacylglycerol (TG) (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly reduced in the treatment groups compared to the model group (P<0.01). Compared to the model group, fasting insulin (FINS) levels were elevated in all groups of CRPR (P<0.05), and there were significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both the low-dose and high-dose CRPR groups (P<0.05). H&E staining indicated that CRPR treatment reduced organ enlargement, improved liver lipid accumulation, and repaired islet injury in T2DM mice. Moreover, WB analysis demonstrated that all CRPR groups significantly upregulated the protein expression of IRS1, p-GSK3β, PI3K, p-Akt and p-FOXO1(P<0.05) as well as significantly downregulated p-IRS1 and FOXO1 protein expression (P<0.05).ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that CRPR effectively improves the metabolic disturbance of lipids, repairs damaged liver tissues, repairs damaged pancreatic tissues, and reduces insulin resistance (IR) in T2DM mice. The mechanism of action may be associated with upregulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibition of IRS1 phosphorylation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma on the regulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice

et al. 2022

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“…The multiplicity was abbreviated as doublet (d), dd (doublet of doublet), singlet (s), and multiplet (m). The experimental data were processed using Bruker's TopSpin software 40 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hesperidin: Enrichment, forced degradation, and structural elucidation of potential degradation products using spectral techniques

Bisen,

Rawat,

Sharma

et al. 2023

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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RationaleHesperidin (HES) is a well‐known citrus bioflavonoid phyto‐nutraceutical agent with polypharmacological properties. After 2019, HES was widely used for prophylaxis and COVID‐19 treatment. Moreover, it is commonly prescribed for treating varicose veins and other diseases in routine clinical practice. Pharmaceutical impurities and degradation products (DP) impact the drug's quality and safety and thus its effectiveness. Therefore, forced degradation studies help study drug stability, degradation mechanisms, and their DPs. This study was performed because stress stability studies using detailed structural characterization of hesperidin are currently unavailable in the literature.MethodsIn the HES enrichment method crude HES was converted to its pure form (98% purity) using column chromatography and then subjected to forced degradation under acid, base, and neutral hydrolyses followed by oxidative, reductive, photolytic, and thermal stress testing (International Conference on Harmonization guidelines). The stability‐indicating analytical method (SIAM) was developed to determine DPs using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (C18 column with methanol and 0.1% v/v acetic acid in deionized water [70:30, v/v] at 284 nm). Further, structural characterization of DPs was performed using liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, in silico toxicity predictions were performed using pKCSM and DataWarior freeware.ResultsHES was found to be susceptible to acidic and basic hydrolytic conditions and yielded three DPs in each, which were detected using designed SIAM. Of six DPs, three were pseudo‐DPs (short lived), and the remaining were characterized using LC–MS/MS and NMR spectroscopy. The tentative mechanism of the formation of proposed DPs was explained. The proposed DPs were found inactive from in silico toxicity predictions.ConclusionsHesperidin was labile under acidic and basic stress conditions. The potential DPs were characterized using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS and NMR spectral techniques. The proposed mechanism of formation was hypothesized. In addition, to identify and characterize the DPs, a SIAM, which has broad biomedical applications, was successfully developed.

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“…In addition, structures containing two or more sugar chains at the C-3 position (especially the additional rhamnose units), ,, and the 25( R / S )-configuration (25 R > 25 S : A549, Caski, HepG2, and MCF-7; , 25 S > 25 R : BEL-7402, HT-29, Hela, MDA-MB-468, BT549, and SW620 cell lines , ) were considered important for cytotoxicity. Moreover, the aforementioned factors also influenced anti-inflammatory, − antiatherosclerotic, antidiabetic, and antiosteosarcoma activities. However, studies of oat saponins, including the new saponins identified in this study, are still lacking.…”

Section: Furostane Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Seven New Steroidal Saponins from Korean Oat Cultivars by UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-MS/MS

Kwon,

Lee,

Kim

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Oat saponins are composed of triterpenoid and steroidal saponins, and their potential biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungicidal, osteogenic, and anticancer activities, have been reported. In this study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of oat saponins were conducted by using UPLC-QToF-MS and UPLC-Triple Q-MS/MS. A total of 22 saponins were analyzed in seven Korean oat cultivars. Among them, 7 saponins were identified as new compounds in this source, which were tentatively confirmed as nuatigenin-type saponins with 26-O-diglucoside and 3-Omalonylglucoside forms and (25S)-furost-5-en-3β,22,26-triol-type saponins. In addition, the total content of these saponins ranged from 70.61 to 141.38 mg/100 g dry weight, and it was affected by the type of oat cultivar and the presence or absence of hulling. These detailed profiles will be suggested as fundamental data for breeding superior oat cultivars, evaluating of related products, and various industries.

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Furostanol saponins from Asparagus racemosus as potential hypoglycemic agents

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma on the regulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice

Effect of Codonopsis Radix and Polygonati Rhizoma on the regulation of the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic mice

Hesperidin: Enrichment, forced degradation, and structural elucidation of potential degradation products using spectral techniques

Characterization of Seven New Steroidal Saponins from Korean Oat Cultivars by UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-MS/MS

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