Further analysis of open-ended dielectric sensors

Okoniewski, M.; Anderson, Jeffrey C.; Okoniewska, E.; Caputa, K.; Stuchly, S.S.

doi:10.1109/22.402291

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The aperture-plane reflection coefficients were computed using two-dimensional (2-D) body-of-revolution (BOR) FDTD simulations of an idealized probe immersed in each reference liquid in a manner similar to [20]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Deembedding Model Of the Probementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency range used in this optimization procedure was 0. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] GHz. This range is larger than the actual frequency range of interest (0.5-20 GHz).…”

Section: Deembedding Model Of the Probementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The probe is flange free to ensure good contact with tissue samples across the whole aperture. The outer conductor walls near the probe aperture are thickened for increased accuracy [20]. Based on data from a previous study [21], the probe aperture diameter is set to 3.0 mm to provide optimum sensitivity in both the high-and low-permittivity tissue measurements.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precision open-ended coaxial probes for in vivo and ex vivo dielectric spectroscopy of biological tissues at microwave frequencies

Popovic

McCartney

Beasley

et al. 2005

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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Section: Deembedding Model Of the Probementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deembedding Model Of the Probementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precision open-ended coaxial probes for in vivo and ex vivo dielectric spectroscopy of biological tissues at microwave frequencies

Popovic

McCartney

Beasley

et al. 2005

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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180

120

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“…Up to now, several techniques have been developed for this purpose, such as analytical analysis, semi-analytical full-wave method, and numerical simulation [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. For the analytical method, it is conventionally assumed a probe flange of an infinite area and only fundamental TEM mode propagation inside the coax [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and Stable Integration Method for the Aperture Admittance of an Open-Ended Coaxial Probe Terminated Into Low-Loss Dielectrics

Zhou¹,

Ju²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

PIER M

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Abstract-Theutilization of an open-ended coaxial probe for characterization of dielectric properties or quantitative nondestructive detection of defects in materials firstly requires evaluating the aperture admittance. For the case that the probe is terminated into low-loss dielectrics backed by a conducting sheet, however, the admittance expression encounters poles in the vicinity of the path of integration, resulting in low convergence rate or even overflow in numerical quadrature. In this study, locations and properties of the singularities of the integral formulation for generally lossy, low-loss, and lossless dielectric slabs backed by a perfectly conducting sheet are investigated above all. Subsequently, making use of the contour integral technique, a fast and stable integration method is put forward to calculate the admittance integral formulation. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to justify the validity and efficiency of the proposed integration method for low-loss dielectric cases by comparison with the traditional integration method as well as commercial FEM software.

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“…Full-vector FDTD solutions of Maxwell's equations in cylindrical coordinates [24] are useful for studying open-ended coaxial probes, as demonstrated previously for the case of probes with finite-sized flanges [20], [25]. We assume that the geometry exhibits rotational symmetry, in which case, the azimuthal dependence of the vector field components can be expressed as a Fourier series and accounted for analytically.…”

Section: B Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing volume of open-ended coaxial probes for dielectric characterization of breast tissue at microwave frequencies

Popovic

Hagl

Beasley

et al.

IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. Digest. Held in Conjunction With: USNC/CNC/URSI North American R

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Abstract-We are using open-ended coaxial probes to determine the dielectric properties of freshly excised normal and diseased breast tissue specimens. The considerable variability in size and composition of these specimens predicates the need for determining the minimum surgical specimen size that yields accurate measurements for a given probe diameter. We investigate the sensing volume of 2.2-and 3.58-mm-diameter flange-free coaxial probes for both low-and high-water-content tissue using standard liquids that exhibit dielectric properties similar to breast tissue over the microwave frequency range from 1 to 20 GHz. We also present an innovative graphical technique based on the use of Cole-Cole diagrams to determine the error thresholds in the magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient, which bound the errors in the measured complex permittivity to an acceptable level. Results from self-consistent experiments and finite-difference time-domain simulations indicate that a tissue specimen with a thickness of 3.0 mm and a transverse dimension of 1.1 cm is the minimum size that yields accurate measurements with the 3.58-mm-diameter probe. For the 2.2-mm-diameter probe, the specimen's thickness and width should be at least 1.5 and 5 mm, respectively. These conclusions are relevant not only to breast tissue characterization, but also more generally to the dielectric characterization of a variety of low-and high-water-content biological tissues.

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Further analysis of open-ended dielectric sensors

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Precision open-ended coaxial probes for in vivo and ex vivo dielectric spectroscopy of biological tissues at microwave frequencies

Precision open-ended coaxial probes for in vivo and ex vivo dielectric spectroscopy of biological tissues at microwave frequencies

Fast and Stable Integration Method for the Aperture Admittance of an Open-Ended Coaxial Probe Terminated Into Low-Loss Dielectrics

Sensing volume of open-ended coaxial probes for dielectric characterization of breast tissue at microwave frequencies

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