Abstract:Background. To overcome field of view and ergonomic limitations of standard laparoscopes, we are developing a multi-resolution foveated laparoscope (MRFL), which can simultaneously obtain both wide- and zoomed-in-view images. To facilitate the effectiveness of our MRFL, we have been investigating various ways of organizing and visualizing dual-view multi-resolution images acquired by the MRFL. In our prior study, we implemented and compared 6 display modes for the MRFL, assuming a typical clinical environment … Show more
“…The available display modes are designed to offer unique viewing experiences in accordance with our previous studies which suggest that display mode preference varies differently from user to user depending on the task being performed 42 , 43 . The tasks of a surgeon and assistant differ, so the MRFL software features dual-monitor functionality (shown in Fig.…”
Section: Demonstration Of Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…As demonstrated in Fig. 11 , the available viewing modes (developed by Lee et al 42 , 43 ) include overview plus detail (O + D), picture in picture (PIP), focus plus occluded context (F + OC), fixed focus plus occluded context (FF + OC), focus plus warped context (F + WC), fixed focus plus warped context (FF + WC), focus plus unwarped context (F + UWC), and full-screen toggle (FST). Figure 11 Images captured using different viewing modes during in-vivo testing of the MRFL.…”
Section: Demonstration Of Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The low-resolution wide view is interpolated so that it matches the magnification of the zoomed view. The zoomed-view window moves around over the low-resolution wide-view image and displays a high-resolution view of the region over which it is positioned 42 , 43 . Lastly, FST mode (Fig.…”
Section: Demonstration Of Results and Discussionmentioning
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is limited in safety and efficiency by the hand-held nature and narrow fields of view of traditional laparoscopes. A multi-resolution foveated laparoscope (MRFL) was invented to address these concerns. The MRFL is a stationary dual-view imaging device with optical panning and zooming capabilities. It is designed to simultaneously capture and display a zoomed view and supplemental wide view of the surgical field. Optical zooming and panning capabilities facilitate repositioning of the zoomed view without physically moving the system. Additional MRFL features designed to improve safety and efficiency include its snub-nosed endoscope, tool-tip auto tracking, programmable focus profiles, unique selectable display modalities, foot pedal controls, and independently controlled surgeon and assistant displays. An MRFL prototype was constructed to demonstrate and test these features. Testing of the prototype validates its design architecture and confirms the functionality of its features. The current MRFL prototype functions adequately as a proof of concept, but the system features and performance require further improvement to be practical for clinical use.
“…The available display modes are designed to offer unique viewing experiences in accordance with our previous studies which suggest that display mode preference varies differently from user to user depending on the task being performed 42 , 43 . The tasks of a surgeon and assistant differ, so the MRFL software features dual-monitor functionality (shown in Fig.…”
Section: Demonstration Of Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…As demonstrated in Fig. 11 , the available viewing modes (developed by Lee et al 42 , 43 ) include overview plus detail (O + D), picture in picture (PIP), focus plus occluded context (F + OC), fixed focus plus occluded context (FF + OC), focus plus warped context (F + WC), fixed focus plus warped context (FF + WC), focus plus unwarped context (F + UWC), and full-screen toggle (FST). Figure 11 Images captured using different viewing modes during in-vivo testing of the MRFL.…”
Section: Demonstration Of Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The low-resolution wide view is interpolated so that it matches the magnification of the zoomed view. The zoomed-view window moves around over the low-resolution wide-view image and displays a high-resolution view of the region over which it is positioned 42 , 43 . Lastly, FST mode (Fig.…”
Section: Demonstration Of Results and Discussionmentioning
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is limited in safety and efficiency by the hand-held nature and narrow fields of view of traditional laparoscopes. A multi-resolution foveated laparoscope (MRFL) was invented to address these concerns. The MRFL is a stationary dual-view imaging device with optical panning and zooming capabilities. It is designed to simultaneously capture and display a zoomed view and supplemental wide view of the surgical field. Optical zooming and panning capabilities facilitate repositioning of the zoomed view without physically moving the system. Additional MRFL features designed to improve safety and efficiency include its snub-nosed endoscope, tool-tip auto tracking, programmable focus profiles, unique selectable display modalities, foot pedal controls, and independently controlled surgeon and assistant displays. An MRFL prototype was constructed to demonstrate and test these features. Testing of the prototype validates its design architecture and confirms the functionality of its features. The current MRFL prototype functions adequately as a proof of concept, but the system features and performance require further improvement to be practical for clinical use.
“…Comparison of the effects of different view arrangements on task performance and user preferences has been investigated with non-medical participants and phantom tasks. 5,6 A foot pedal control or optical tracking changes views and controls retargeting of the zoomed view.Figure 4.multi-resolution foveated laparoscope view options.…”
Background We developed a multi-resolution foveated laparoscope (MRFL) to improve situational awareness in laparoscopic surgery. We assessed surgeon objective task performance and subjective attitudes with MRFL when used for box trainer tasks and porcine surgery. Methods The MRFL simultaneously obtains a wide-angle view and a magnified view. The 2 images are displayed simultaneously. 6 urologists and 2 general surgeons performed box trainer and porcine surgery tasks with the MRFL and a standard laparoscope. Task time, use of display options, and subjective assessments were obtained. Results Subjectively, surgeons rated situational awareness, depth perception, and instrument interference as comparable between the prototype MRFL and laparoscope for trainer tasks. For porcine surgery, the MRFL was rated as having less interference than the standard laparoscope. The image quality of the MRFL was rated interior to the standard laparoscope. Participants found the different viewing modes useful for different roles and reported that they would likely use the MRFL for conventional laparoscopic and robotic surgery. Objectively, box trainer task time was comparable for 2 of 3 tasks with the remaining task shorter for the standard laparoscope. Porcine nephrectomy and oophorectomy were feasible with the prototype MRFL, although nephrectomy task time was significantly longer than traditional laparoscopy. Conclusions The MRFL demonstrated feasibility for performing complex surgery. Surgeons had favorable attitudes toward its features and likelihood to use the device if available. Users utilized different view types for different tasks. Longer MRFL task times were attributed to poorer image quality of the prototype.
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