Further development and use of an automatic recording system in sheep grazing studies

Penning, P. D.; Steel, G. L.; Johnson, Rebecca H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1984.tb01706.x

Cited by 58 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This implied, from the intake data, that bite size also decreased. The biting rates found generally fall within tbe range of those previously reported (Allden and Whittaker, 1970;Jamieson and Hodgson, 1979;Chambers et al, 1981) and the relationship between SSH and biting rate (Equation 4) is similar to that reported for continuously stocked swards (Penning et at.. 1984). Mastications increased up to a SSH of about 90 mm and thereafter there was little further increase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…At low herbage allowances reduced intake reduces milk production by ewes (Gibb and Treacher. 1978) and this causes an increase in herbage intake by the lambs (Penning and Gibb, 1979). In this experiment, however, lambs were probably unable to increase their intake of herbage at low allowances, because oflow herbage availability and competition with the ewes (Gibb f/Q/., 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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The effect of herbage allowance on intake and performance of ewes suckling twin lambs

Penning¹,

Hooper²,

Treacher³

1986

Grass and Forage Science

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AbstraetThe effect of herbage allowance on the herbage intake and performanee of ewes and their twin lambs at pasture was investigated. Daily herbage allowances of 40,80.120 and 160 g organic matter (OM) kg"' ewe live weight, based on herbage mass measured to ground ievel, were offered during the first 12 weeks of lactation.The' sheep were grazed rotationally around four paddocks of a perennial ryegrass pasture for 7-day periods and herbage mass, extended tiller length and digestibility of the herbage consumed by the animals were estimated. Herbage intake by the ewes was estimated during weeks two to twelve and live weights were recorded weekly: during the last two weeks of the experiment grazing behaviour of one ewe on each treatment was recorded continuously.Herbage intakes by the ewes (164, 1-81. 2-42 and 2 68 + 0153 kg d"') and liveweight gains of the lambs (202, 245, 274 and 300±7-3 g d"') increased with increasing herbage allowances. Herbage intakes by the ewes and growth rates of their lambs increased up to a herbage allowance which was over five times the amount of herbage eaten by the ewes.As the animals reduced herbage mass and sward height, biting rates by the ewes during grazing increased by 4 (+ 0 08) bites min"' cm" ' and masticating rates decreased. Mastications reached a maximum of 90 (±3-5) min"' at a sward surface height of 9 cm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The effect of herbage allowance on intake and performance of ewes suckling twin lambs

Penning¹,

Hooper²,

Treacher³

1986

Grass and Forage Science

Self Cite

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“…The graphical model considers prehension and mastication to be incompatible activities. For sheep, this is supported by the observations of Penning et al, (1984) that the movement of the jaw differs for prehension and mastication bites. For cattle, the relationship between prehension and mastication bites has not been elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

A note on the behavioural strategies used by grazing animals to alter their intake rates

Newman

Parsons²,

Penning³

1994

Grass and Forage Science

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A large, and often neglected, component of grazing intake is behavioural. Grazing animals may employ two strategies to increase their intake rates during grazing: increasing bite mass and decreasing handling time. These strategies are discussed in the context of fasted and non-fasted sheep grazing white ciover {Trifolium repens L. cv. Kent wild white) and p)erennial ryegrass {Lolium perenne L. cv. Parcour). It is concluded that within a forage species sheep have little flexibility for increasing their intake rates by altering their handling times but have some latitude for altering bite masses. Between forage species, differences in intake rales may be more strongly affected by the 'speciesspecific" requirement for mastication than by differences in bite masses per se. Comparisons are also made with grazing strategies of cattle.

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“…In addition, bite rates are difficult to determine accurately as mandible movements can be missed easily by the observer. Remote sensing systems have attempted to quantify ingestion rates using various animal-attached transducers to eliminate the need for visual observations (Penning, 1983; Penning, Steel & Johnson, 1984; Beauchemin et al, 1989; Matsui & Okubo, 1991; Abijaoudé et al, 1999; Desnoyers et al, 2009), which, though useful in detecting the initiation and duration of feeding, have encountered difficulties in classifying jaw movements into either biting (acquiring food) or chewing (processing/masticating food). Such equipment also tends to be bulky and poorly transferrable between different individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ability of magnetic field sensors to monitor feeding in three domestic herbivores

Mulvenna

Wilson

Marks

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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The rate at which animals ingest food is a fundamental part of animal ecology although it is rarely quantified, with recently-developed animal-attached tags providing a potentially viable approach. However, to date, these methods lack clarity in differentiating various eating behaviours, such as ‘chewing’ from ‘biting’. The aims of this study were to examine the use of inter-mandibular angle sensors (IMASENs), to quantify grazing behaviour in herbivores including cattle (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries) and pygmy goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) eating different foodstuffs. Specifically, we aimed to: (1) quantify jaw movements of each species and determine differences between biting and chewing; (2) assess whether different food types can be discerned from jaw movements; and (3) determine whether species-specific differences in jaw movements can be detected. Subjects were filmed while consuming concentrate, hay, grass and browse to allow comparison of observed and IMASEN-recorded jaw movements. This study shows that IMASENs can accurately detect jaw movements of feeding herbivores, and, based on the rate of jaw movements, can classify biting (taking new material into the mouth) from chewing (masticating material already in the mouth). The biting behaviours associated with concentrate pellets could be identified easily as these occurred at the fastest rate for all species. However, the rates of chewing different food items were more difficult to discern from one another. Comparison of chew:bite ratios of the various food types eaten by each species showed no differences. Species differences could be identified using bite and chew rates. Cattle consistently displayed slower bite and chew rates to sheep and pygmy goats when feeding, while sheep and pygmy goats showed similar bite and chew rates when feeding on concentrate pellets. Species-specific differences in chew:bite ratios were not identified. Magnetometry has the potential to record quantitative aspects of foraging such as the feeding duration, food handling time and food type. This is of major importance for researchers interested in both captive (e.g., agricultural productivity) and wild animal foraging dynamics as it can provide quantitative data with minimal observer interference.

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Further development and use of an automatic recording system in sheep grazing studies

Cited by 58 publications

References 5 publications

The effect of herbage allowance on intake and performance of ewes suckling twin lambs

The effect of herbage allowance on intake and performance of ewes suckling twin lambs

A note on the behavioural strategies used by grazing animals to alter their intake rates

The ability of magnetic field sensors to monitor feeding in three domestic herbivores

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