Further development of a parameterization for convective turbulent dust emission and evaluation based on field observations

Klose, Martina; Shao, Yaping; Li, Xiaolan; Zhang, Hongsheng; Ishizuka, Masahide; Mikami, Masato; Leys, John

doi:10.1002/2014jd021688

Cited by 62 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…They are combined with a characterisation of surface properties, where properties and relations are to different degrees empirical (source functions) or deduced from microphysical processes. The dominant processes considered are saltation bombardment by sand blasting and aggregate disintegration, and more elaborate emission schemes consider additional effects such as direct aerodynamic entrainment (Shao, 2001;Klose et al, 2014). The inability of most current global models to resolve convection means that haboobs, which are responsible for a major fraction of the dust emissions (Marsham et al, 2013;Allen et al, 2013Allen et al, , 2015, are not represented at all.…”

Section: K Klingmüller Et Al: Revised Mineral Dust Emissions In Emacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised mineral dust emissions in the atmospheric chemistry–climate model EMAC (MESSy 2.52 DU_Astitha1 KKDU2017 patch)

et al. 2018

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Abstract. To improve the aeolian dust budget calculations with the global ECHAM/MESSy atmospheric chemistryclimate model (EMAC), which combines the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) with the ECMWF/Hamburg (ECHAM) climate model developed at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg based on a weather prediction model of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), we have implemented new input data and updates of the emission scheme.The data set comprises land cover classification, vegetation, clay fraction and topography. It is based on up-todate observations, which are crucial to account for the rapid changes of deserts and semi-arid regions in recent decades. The new Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based land cover and vegetation data are time dependent, and the effect of long-term trends and variability of the relevant parameters is therefore considered by the emission scheme. All input data have a spatial resolution of at least 0.1 • compared to 1 • in the previous version, equipping the model for high-resolution simulations.We validate the updates by comparing the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm wavelength from a 1-year simulation at T106 (about 1.1 • ) resolution with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and MODIS observations, the 10 µm dust AOD (DAOD) with Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) retrievals, and dust concentration and deposition results with observations from the Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom) dust benchmark data set. The update significantly improves agreement with the observations and is therefore recommended to be used in future simulations.

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Section: K Klingmüller Et Al: Revised Mineral Dust Emissions In Emacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised mineral dust emissions in the atmospheric chemistry–climate model EMAC (MESSy 2.52 DU_Astitha1 KKDU2017 patch)

et al. 2018

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“…Shao et al, 2011;Kok et al, 2014;Klose et al, 2014) are in general more sophisticated than what is described above and include a dust emission scheme, the estimate of Q is essentially done using Eqs. (1) to (3) or similar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulent characteristics of saltation and uncertainty of saltation model parameters

et al. 2018

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Abstract. It is widely recognised that saltation is a turbulent process, similar to other transport processes in the atmospheric boundary layer. Due to a lack of high-frequency observations, the statistic behaviour of saltation is so far not well understood. In this study, we use the data from the Japan-Australia Dust Experiment (JADE) to investigate the turbulent characteristics of saltation by analysing the probability density function, energy spectrum and intermittency of saltation fluxes. Threshold friction velocity, u * t , and saltation coefficient, c 0 , are two important parameters in saltation models often assumed to be deterministic. As saltation is turbulent in nature, we argue that it is more reasonable to consider them as parameters obeying certain probability distributions. We estimate these distributions using the JADE data. The factors contributing to the stochasticity of u * t and c 0 are examined.

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“…Dust emission by direct aerodynamic entrainment is not considered in saltation-based global/regional dust models [e.g., Zender et al, 2003], although some models [e.g., Gillette and Passi, 1988;Ginoux et al, 2001] account for the dust emitted by both mechanisms in terms of surface wind velocity. Several studies, however, have shown that under certain conditions, for example, in fine soils without crust [Loosmore and Hunt, 2000], silty agricultural soil [Kjelgaard et al, 2004], supply-limited desert surfaces [Macpherson et al, 2008], loess deposits [Sweeney and Mason, 2013], and under convective turbulence [Klose et al, 2014], the primary mechanism for dust emission is aerodynamic entrainment rather than sandblasting. In this work, we compare emitted dust concentrations and particle size distributions (PSD) in sandblasting to those in direct aerodynamic entrainment for a range of friction velocities in an attempt to understand the dynamics of dust emission in these two processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the wind‐dust relationship in sandblasting and direct aerodynamic entrainment from wind tunnel experiments

et al. 2016

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Numerous parameterizations have been developed for predicting wind erosion, yet the physical mechanism of dust emission is not fully understood. Sandblasting is thought to be the primary mechanism, but recent studies suggest that dust emission by direct aerodynamic entrainment can be significant under certain conditions. In this work, using wind tunnel experiments, we investigated some of the lesser understood aspects of dust emission in sandblasting and aerodynamic entrainment for three soil types, namely clay, silty clay loam, and clay loam. First, we explored the role of erodible surface roughness on dust emitted by aerodynamic entrainment. Second, we compared the emitted dust concentration in sandblasting and aerodynamic entrainment under a range of wind friction velocities. Finally, we explored the sensitivity of emitted dust particle size distribution (PSD) to soil type and wind friction velocity in these two processes. The dust concentration in aerodynamic entrainment showed strong positive correlation, no significant correlation, and weak negative correlation, for the clay, silty clay loam, and clay loam, respectively, with the erodible soil surface roughness. The dust in aerodynamic entrainment was significant constituting up to 28.3, 41.4, and 146.4% compared to sandblasting for the clay, silty clay loam, and clay loam, respectively. PSD of emitted dust was sensitive to soil type in both sandblasting and aerodynamic entrainment. PSD was sensitive to the friction velocity in aerodynamic entrainment but not in sandblasting. Our results highlight the need to consider the details of sandblasting and direct aerodynamic entrainment processes in parameterizing dust emission in global/regional climate models. Key points Surface roughness is shown to affect dust emitted by aerodynamic entrainment in a wind tunnel test  Dust emission by aerodynamic entrainment can be even higher compared to that by sandblasting  Sensitivity of emitted dust PSD to soil type and friction velocity depends on emission mechanism

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Further development of a parameterization for convective turbulent dust emission and evaluation based on field observations

Cited by 62 publications

References 57 publications

Revised mineral dust emissions in the atmospheric chemistry–climate model EMAC (MESSy 2.52 DU_Astitha1 KKDU2017 patch)

Revised mineral dust emissions in the atmospheric chemistry–climate model EMAC (MESSy 2.52 DU_Astitha1 KKDU2017 patch)

Turbulent characteristics of saltation and uncertainty of saltation model parameters

New insights into the wind‐dust relationship in sandblasting and direct aerodynamic entrainment from wind tunnel experiments

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