Introduction: a,-antitrypsin and the serpins The maintenance of health requires a balance between the defensive and offensive systems ofthe body. One such balance that is now just becoming understood at the molecular level is the one between the enzymes that break down protein and the antiproteases that act as their inhibitors. Of particular importance is the group of closely related enzymes, the serine proteases, which are responsible for triggering the inflammatory cascades of the plasma such as coagulation, kinin release, fibrinolysis, and complement activation. The triggering by these enzymes of the plasma cascades is controlled by an appropriately specialized group of plasma protease inhibitors, e.g., antithrombin, antiplasmin, and the first component ofcomplement (C1)' inhibitor.