Further evidence for a relationship between changes in GABA concentration in rat brain and enhanced monoamine-mediated behavioural responses following repeated electroconvulsive shock

Green, A.R.; Sant, Karilyn E.; Bowdler, Julie M.; Cowen, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/0028-3908(82)90110-1

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As expected, repeated but not single ECS treatment enhanced the 5-HT-mediated behavioural response as has been shown using a single dose of agonist previously in both rats (Green, Heal & Grahame-Smith, 1977;Green & Deakin, 1980;Green, Sant, Bowdler & Cowen, 1982) and mice (Lebrecht & Nowak, 1981). Previous data have suggested that enhanced behavioural responses to 5-HT agonists are only seen in rats when ECS has been given in ways that increase 5-HT2 receptor number .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Antidepressant treatments: effects in rodents on dose‐response curves of 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐ and dopamine‐mediated behaviours and 5‐HT₂ receptor number in frontal cortex

Green

Heal

Johnson

et al. 1983

British J Pharmacology

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1The effects of repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) administration, repeated desmethylimipramine injection (5 mg kg-, twice daily for 14 days) and acute administration of the ,B-adrenoceptor, clenbuterol, on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-and dopamine-mediated behaviours in mice have been examined. 2 All three treatments enhanced the carbidopa/5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-induced headtwitch response at all doses of 5-HTP examined, producing a parallel shift in the dose-response curve. A single ECS administration or single dose of desmethylimipramine had no effect. 3 Only repeated ECS enhanced the locomotor response to injection of apomorphine. The dose-response curve shift was not parallel. A single ECS had no effect. 4 A 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of brain dopamine terminals also enhanced the apomorphine response, but again did not produce a parallel shift in the dose-response curve. 5 Both repeated ECS and repeated desmethylimipramine administration to rats increased the number of 5-HT2 receptor sites in rat brain. Clenbuterol had no effect. 6 The enhancing effects of repeated ECS and clenbuterol administration on the 5-HTP-induced head-twitch response were additive. 7 Enhanced 5-HT-mediated behavioural responses are seen in both mice and rats after these treatments. If it is assumed, therefore, that similar receptor changes occur in both species it appears that there is no relationship in either behavioural system between the ability of the treatment to alter receptor number and the change in the dose-response curve (parallel or non-parallel).8 All three antidepressant treatments (ECS, a tricyclic and a P-adrenoceptor agonist) increase 5-HT-mediated behavioural responses although clenbuterol did not increase 5-HT2 receptor number. Only ECS increased dopamine-mediated responses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Antidepressant treatments: effects in rodents on dose‐response curves of 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐ and dopamine‐mediated behaviours and 5‐HT₂ receptor number in frontal cortex

Green

Heal

Johnson

et al. 1983

British J Pharmacology

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“…Thus, we offer the hypothesis that individuals who marshal more intense inhibitory processes during and immediately following seizures have greater potential to benefit from ECT, and that these individual differences underlie the associations between peri-ictal EEG measures and ECT clinical outcome. While GABAergic transmission is the leading candidate mediating this effect (Green et al, 1982b;Green, 1986;Sanacora et al, 2003), other inhibitory neurotransmitters and peptides should also be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seizure Expression During Electroconvulsive Therapy: Relationships with Clinical Outcome and Cognitive Side Effects

Perera

Luber

Nobler

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

129

102

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Since electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can result in generalized seizures that lack efficacy, physiological markers of treatment adequacy are needed. Specific electroencephalographic (EEG) features differentiate seizures produced with barely suprathreshold right unilateral (RUL) ECT, an ineffective treatment, from effective forms of ECT. This study determined whether EEG features are sensitive to treatment condition using a broad dosing range for RUL ECT, as well as predictive of clinical and cognitive outcomes. Quantitative EEG measures and observer ratings were compared in predictive power. From a larger study, 54 in-patients with major depression were randomized to low (1.5 Â seizure threshold (ST)), moderate (2.5 Â ST), or high-dose (6 Â ST) RUL ECT, or high-dose (2.5 Â ST) bilateral (BL) ECT. High dosage RUL and BL ECT were comparable in efficacy, and superior to low and moderate dosage RUL ECT. In the slow frequency bands (d), BL ECT resulted in greater ictal power, ictal coherence, and postictal suppression than each RUL ECT condition, but the EEG measures failed to discriminate the RUL ECT groups. EEG measures were modestly associated with clinical outcome, with greater ictal power, d coherence, and postictal suppression positive predictors. None of the EEG measures were associated with cognitive outcomes. Inability to distinguish forms of RUL ECT differing markedly in dosage and efficacy suggests that EEG measures have limited potential as markers of treatment adequacy. Rather than assaying treatment adequacy, the EEG features associated with efficacy may reflect individual differences in the strength of inhibitory processes that terminate the seizure, and can help isolate the biological variability that predisposes to positive or negative clinical response to ECT.

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“…3 min before each ECS (5 given over 10 days) prevents the enhancement of 5-HT-mediated behaviour by ECS (Green et al, 1982).…”

Section: Effect Ofinjection Ofpentylenetetrazol Before Each Ecs Adminmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a course of 5 ECS administered over 10 days to anaesthetized animals, is equally effective in enhancing 5-HT behaviour (Costain, Green & Grahame-Smith, 1979), a regime which is close to the clinical administration of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Administration of a-methyl ptyrosine (AMPT), p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) during the period of ECS administration prevents the appearance of enhanced 5-HT-mediated behaviour Green, Sant, Bowdler & Cowen, 1982). Administration of intermittent ECS and also the effect of the drug pretreatments have now been examined to determine whether there is a correlation between the appearance of enhanced 5-HT-mediated behaviour and increased 5-HT2 receptor number.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased 5‐HT₂ receptor number in brain as a probable explanation for the enhanced 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐mediated behaviour following repeated electroconvulsive shock administration to rats

Green

Johnson

Nimgaonkar

1983

British J Pharmacology

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1 Following electroconvulsive shock (ECS) administration daily for 10 days there was an increase (35 %) in 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptor number in rat frontal cortex 24 h after the last ECS, compared with handled controls. A similar increase was seen after intermittent ECS administration (5 ECS over 10 days) given during halothane anaesthesia, compared with halothane-treated controls. The dissociation constant was also increased at this time. A single ECS had no effect. 2 Treatment of rats with pentylenetetrazol, p-chlorophenylalanine or a-methyl p-tyrosine during the intermittent ECS administration abolished the increase in 5-HT2 receptor binding. 3 Since enhanced 5-HT-mediated behavioural responses are seen after repeated ECS but not when the ECS is given with the drug treatments outlined above, it is suggested that ECS-induced enhancement of 5-HT-mediated behaviour results from an increase in 5-HT2 receptor number.

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Further evidence for a relationship between changes in GABA concentration in rat brain and enhanced monoamine-mediated behavioural responses following repeated electroconvulsive shock

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Antidepressant treatments: effects in rodents on dose‐response curves of 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐ and dopamine‐mediated behaviours and 5‐HT₂ receptor number in frontal cortex

Antidepressant treatments: effects in rodents on dose‐response curves of 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐ and dopamine‐mediated behaviours and 5‐HT₂ receptor number in frontal cortex

Seizure Expression During Electroconvulsive Therapy: Relationships with Clinical Outcome and Cognitive Side Effects

Increased 5‐HT₂ receptor number in brain as a probable explanation for the enhanced 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐mediated behaviour following repeated electroconvulsive shock administration to rats

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Further evidence for a relationship between changes in GABA concentration in rat brain and enhanced monoamine-mediated behavioural responses following repeated electroconvulsive shock

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Antidepressant treatments: effects in rodents on dose‐response curves of 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐ and dopamine‐mediated behaviours and 5‐HT2 receptor number in frontal cortex

Antidepressant treatments: effects in rodents on dose‐response curves of 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐ and dopamine‐mediated behaviours and 5‐HT2 receptor number in frontal cortex

Seizure Expression During Electroconvulsive Therapy: Relationships with Clinical Outcome and Cognitive Side Effects

Increased 5‐HT2 receptor number in brain as a probable explanation for the enhanced 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐mediated behaviour following repeated electroconvulsive shock administration to rats

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Product

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Antidepressant treatments: effects in rodents on dose‐response curves of 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐ and dopamine‐mediated behaviours and 5‐HT₂ receptor number in frontal cortex

Antidepressant treatments: effects in rodents on dose‐response curves of 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐ and dopamine‐mediated behaviours and 5‐HT₂ receptor number in frontal cortex

Increased 5‐HT₂ receptor number in brain as a probable explanation for the enhanced 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐mediated behaviour following repeated electroconvulsive shock administration to rats