Further Evidence for ‘Extended’ Cumulene Complexes: Derivatives from Reactions with Halide Anions and Water

Abstract

Reactions of [Ru{C=C(H)‐1,4‐C6H4C≡CH}(PPh3)2Cp]BF4 ([1 a]BF4) with hydrohalic acids, HX, results in the formation of [Ru{C≡C‐1,4‐C6H4‐C(X)=CH2}(PPh3)2Cp] [X=Cl (2 a‐Cl), Br (2 a‐Br)], arising from facile Markovnikov addition of halide anions to the putative quinoidal cumulene cation [Ru(=C=C=C6H4=C=CH2)(PPh3)2Cp]+. Similarly, [M{C=C(H)‐1,4‐C6H4‐C≡CH}(LL)Cp ]BF4 [M(LL)Cp’=Ru(PPh3)2Cp ([1 a]BF4); Ru(dppe)Cp* ([1 b]BF4); Fe(dppe)Cp ([1 c]BF4); Fe(dppe)Cp* ([1 d]BF4)] react with H+/H2O to give the acyl‐functionalised phenylacetylide complexes [M{C≡C‐1,4‐C6H4‐C(=O)CH3}(LL)Cp’] (3 a–d) after workup. The Markovnikov addition of the nucleophile to the remote alkyne in the cations [1 a–d]+ is difficult to rationalise from the vinylidene form of the precursor and is much more satisfactorily explained from initial isomerisation to the quinoidal cumulene complexes [M(=C=C=C6H4=C=CH2)(LL)Cp’]+ prior to attack at the more exposed, remote quaternary carbon. Thus, whilst representative acetylide complexes [Ru(C≡C‐1,4‐C6H4‐C≡CH)(PPh3)2Cp] (4 a) and [Ru(C≡C‐1,4‐C6H4‐C≡CH)(dppe)Cp*] (4 b) reacted with the relatively small electrophiles [CN]+ and [C7H7]+ at the β‐carbon to give the expected vinylidene complexes, the bulky trityl ([CPh3]+) electrophile reacted with [M(C≡C‐1,4‐C6H4‐C≡CH)(LL)Cp’] [M(LL)Cp’=Ru(PPh3)2Cp (4 a); Ru(dppe)Cp* (4 b); Fe(dppe)Cp (4 c); Fe(dppe)Cp* (4 d)] at the more exposed remote end of the carbon‐rich ligand to give the putative quinoidal cumulene complexes [M{C=C=C6H4=C=C(H)CPh3}(LL)Cp’]+, which were isolated as the water adducts [M{C≡C‐1,4‐C6H4‐C(=O)CH2CPh3}(LL)Cp’] (6 a–d). Evincing the scope of the formation of such extended cumulenes from ethynyl‐substituted arylvinylene precursors, the rather reactive half‐sandwich (5‐ethynyl‐2‐thienyl)vinylidene complexes [M{C=C(H)‐2,5‐cC4H2S‐C≡CH}(LL)Cp’]BF4 ([7 a–d]BF4 add water readily to give [M{C≡C‐2,5‐cC4H2S‐C(=O)CH3}(LL)Cp’] (8 a–d)].

Further Chemistry of Ruthenium Alkenyl Acetylide Complexes: Routes to Allenylidene Complexes via a Series of Electrophilic Addition Reactions

“…Related processes have also been observed in the interconversion of toluene and cycloheptatrienyl cations . It is also noted that tropylium has been employed as an electrophile in carbon–carbon bond forming reactions for a range of organometallic precursors, with the addition of tropylium to the β-carbon of ruthenium acetylide compounds to give the corresponding cycloheptatrienylvinylidene complexes being particularly well established, − although no further rearrangement is observed in these cases.…”

Oxidative Coupling of Ruthenium Alkenyl Acetylide Complexes as a Route to Dinuclear Complexes Featuring Carbon-Rich Bridging Ligands

“…A singlet 31 P­{ 1 H} NMR resonance at ca. 81.0 ppm was also observed, consistent with a [Ru­(dppe)­Cp*]-supported acetylide complex, that of 2a being particularly broad. The dimeric nature of the product was confirmed by monocationic ion envelopes in the ESI­(+)-MS with the correct isotope pattern for the proposed bis­(ruthenium) complexes in each case.…”

“…Although the connectivity is clearly established, significant disorder in the measured structure of 2c precludes in-depth comparison with other examples. In each of 2a – c , the Ru–C1 bond lengths are typical of half-sandwich acetylide complexes of the [Ru­(dppe)­Cp*] fragment [Ru–C1: 2.010(4) Å ( 2a ); 1.986(8) Å ( 2b ); 2.008(18) Å ( 2c )] . The Ru–C1–C2–C3 chain is linear [174.2(4)° ( 2a ), 173.6(6)° ( 2b ), and 174(2)° ( 2c )].…”