Further Evidence for Period Lengthening Effect of Li<sup>+</sup> on Circadian Rhythms

Hofmann, Karlfriedrich; Günderoth-Palmowski, M.; Wiedenmann, Gottfried; Engelmann, Wolfgang

doi:10.1515/znc-1978-3-411

Cited by 60 publications

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“…So far, true strain-dependent effects of lithium on circadian periods have been described only in mice (33). Although these strain difference may be due to a number of physiological mechanisms ranging from differences in absorption of lithium through the intestinal tracts to differences in the sensitivity of the circadian system itself, they, nevertheless, indicate that individual differences in response to lithium (4,15,16,25) may be caused by differences in the genetic background of the animals investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its period-lengthening effect on circadian rhythms has been documented in a great variety of species, e.g., desert cactus (8), cockroaches (15), molluscs (42}, hamsters (4,15), desert rats (8), rats (24,41), mice (33), squirrel monkeys (46), and humans (16). to the effect that the therapeutic effect of these drugs may be based on their phase delaying effect on the circadian pacemaker.…”

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Effect of lithium carbonate on activity level and circadian period in different strains of rats

Hafen

Wollnik

1994

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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HAFEN, T. AND F. WOLLNIK. Effect of lithium carbonate on activity level and circadian period in different strains of rats. PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BEHAV 49(4) [975][976][977][978][979][980][981][982][983] 1994.-Lithium, an important pharmacological agent for the treatment of manic-depressive illness in humans, is known to lengthen the circadian period in a number of different species. Recent experiments, on the other hand, suggest that pharmacological agents may affect the circadian system indirectly through an increase or decrease of activity. To explore the interaction between pharmacological and activity effects on the circadian system, lithium was administered chronically to three different strains of rats (ACI, BH, and LEW) while wheel-running activity was studied quantitatively. Two of these inbred strains (BH and LEW) show profound abnormalities in their circadian activity rhythms, namely, a reduced overall level of activity and bimodal or multimodal activity patterns. Wheel-running activity was monitored for 4 weeks under baseline conditions, followed by 3 weeks with lithium treatment (0.3% Li 2 C0 1 administered with food) and 4 weeks with normal food. Treatment with lithium (average intake per day = 3.6 ± 0.2 mg) consistently decreased both the overall level and the circadian amplitude of the activity rhythm. The free-running period r was slightly lengthened during lithium treatment, while the most dramatic effect on period was observed after lithium withdrawal. Correlation analysis, however, revealed only a small negative correlation between activity level and period length, which proved significant only for animals of the ACI strain. Our data support the traditional interpretation that lithium lengthens circadian period by a direct pharmacological effect on the circadian pacemaker rather than through indirect effects of activity feedback. to the effect that the therapeutic effect of these drugs may be based on their phase delaying effect on the circadian pacemaker. So far, the mechanisms responsible for lithium's chronopharmacological actions are not known. It has been suggested that lithium could lengthen the circadian period by a) slowing of cellular oscillators, b) by altering the coupling between multiple circadian oscillators, or c) by altering light sensitivity (17). The hypothesis that lithium may weaken the mutual interaction between multiple oscillators is especially intriguing because modifications in coupling strength could theoretically account for changes in period, as well as entrained phase, wave form, and amplitude of circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythmsThe period-lengthening effect of lithium is of special interest with respect to the hypothesis that there may be an association between the pathophysiology of affective disorders and disturbances of circadian rhythms (22,48). Several studies in humans have demonstrated that many circadian rhythms are phase advanced in depressed patients compared to controls [reviewed in (12,44,45)]. Because lithium and a few other antidepressant agents (5,47...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Effect of lithium carbonate on activity level and circadian period in different strains of rats

Hafen

Wollnik

1994

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…Lithium, acting directly on the SCN [19], is known to decrease phosphoinositol turnover [9,34], and subsequently decreases the function of PKC. Lithium lengthens the free-running circadian period in many species [10,19], and suppresses neuronal firing of SCN neurons [22]. Lithium also decreases membrane-associated PKCc~, without affecting either the /3 or y isoforms [21].…”

Section: Functional Role Of Pkc Isoforms In Scnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of AVP and Ca2+-dependent PKC-isozymes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the mouse and rabbit

Zee

Bult

1995

Brain Research

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Citation for published version (APA): Zee, E. A. V. D., & Bult, A. (1995). Distribution of AVP and Ca2+-dependent PKC-isozymes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the mouse and rabbit. Brain Research, 701(1), 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(95)00968-1 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the circadian pacemaker in mammals and contains a network of argimne-vasopressin-immunoreactive (AVP-ir) neurons. AVP-recipient cells contain the Vla class of receptors linked to phosphoinositol turnover and protein kinase C (PKC). The present study describes the localization of AVP and the four Ca2+-dependent PKC-isoforms in the mouse and rabbit SCN. An estimate of the numerical density of AVP-ir neurons at the rostral, medial, and caudal level of the SCN revealed that the mouse SCN contains more than twice the number of AVP-ir neurons than the rabbit SCN. Neurons immunostained for AVP or PKC dominated in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral aspects of the mouse SCN, while the central area of the SCN revealed only weakly stained neurons. The rabbit SCN was characterized by a more homogeneous distribution of AVP-ir and PKC-ir neurons. PKCa was the most abundantly expressed isozyme in both species, whereas the presence of the other isoforms differed (mouse: PKC a > PKC/31 > > PKC/3 II > PKCT: rabbit: PKC~ > PKC/3II > PKC7 > PKC/3I). Clear PKCy-positive neurons were only observed in the rabbit SCN, while the mouse SCN predominantly contained immunolabeled fiber tracts for this PKC isozyme. Astrocytes immunoreactive for each PKC isoform were frequently encot, ntered in the rabbit SCN, but were absent in mice. Immunofluorescence double labeling showed that numerous AVP-recipient cells in the mouse SCN were immunopositive for PKCo~, and that nearly all AVP-ir neurons express PKCo~ abundantly. These results substantiate the putative role for PKC a in vasopressinergic signal transduction in the SCN. The differential expression in degree and cell lype of the CaZ+-dependent PKC-isoforms in the mouse and rabbit SCN may be related to the differences observed in circadian timekeeping between the two species.

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“…Li + changes the period length of circadian rhythms in several plant (Engelmann, 1973;Johnsson et al, 1981) and animal species (Hofmann et al, 1978;Kripke et al, 1979). Except in one case (Subbaraj, 1981) the period length was increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of RbCl on the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in the cockroachLeucophaea maderae

Engelmann¹,

Casper²

1984

Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research

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The period length of the running wheel activity rhythm of cockroaches (Leucophaea maderae), which is lengthened by Li + , was found to be shortened by 0.7% by administering 50 mM RbCl in the drinking water. Replacing the Rb + solution by H 2 O for four weeks did not bring the period length back to the control value. This is probably due to the long biological half life of Rb + in the cells. The phenomenon is another instance in which the effect of Rb + is opposite to that of Li + .

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Further Evidence for Period Lengthening Effect of Li⁺ on Circadian Rhythms

Abstract: The period length of the activity rhythm of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae is increased by LiCl solution of 100 mol m-3 offered as drinking water by about 1%.

Cited by 60 publications

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Effect of lithium carbonate on activity level and circadian period in different strains of rats

Effect of lithium carbonate on activity level and circadian period in different strains of rats

Distribution of AVP and Ca2+-dependent PKC-isozymes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the mouse and rabbit

Effect of RbCl on the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in the cockroachLeucophaea maderae

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Further Evidence for Period Lengthening Effect of Li+ on Circadian Rhythms

Abstract: The period length of the activity rhythm of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae is increased by LiCl solution of 100 mol m-3 offered as drinking water by about 1%.

Cited by 60 publications

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Effect of lithium carbonate on activity level and circadian period in different strains of rats

Effect of lithium carbonate on activity level and circadian period in different strains of rats

Distribution of AVP and Ca2+-dependent PKC-isozymes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the mouse and rabbit

Effect of RbCl on the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in the cockroachLeucophaea maderae

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Further Evidence for Period Lengthening Effect of Li⁺ on Circadian Rhythms