Further evidence for the dynamic formation of transmitter quanta at the neuromuscular junction

Abstract

Fatt and Katz (Nature 166:597-598, 1950; J Physiol 117:109-128, 1952) attributed miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) to the action of a standard quantity of transmitter, the quantum (Del Castillo and Katz, J Physiol 124:560-573, 1954). Quantal packets of transmitter were proposed to be preformed (Del Castillo and Katz, In CNRS Paris (Ed): "Microphysiologie comparée des éléments excitables" 67:245-258, 1957) and stored in large numbers in the motor nerve terminal. Statistical analyses of intervals between MEPPs and numbers of quanta composing small endplate potentials indicated that quantal release was a random process and that release sites functioned independently of each other. With the discovery of synaptic vesicles it was proposed that each contained one quantum of transmitter. The quantal-vesicular hypothesis (Del Castillo and Katz, as cited above) fails, however, to explain amplitude distributions of MEPPs that are skewed and/or that show multiple peaks (Kriebel et al., Brain Res Review 15:167-178, 1990). The drop formation process (Shaw, "The Dripping Faucet as a Model Chaotic System," Santa Cruz, CA: Aerial Press, Inc., 1984) was shown to generate amplitude classes of drops that were similar to classes of MEPPs which suggested that rapid changes in quantal size and ratios of skew- to bell-MEPPs could be explained with a simple dynamic process which determines quantal size at the moment of release (Kriebel et al., as cited above, 1990). Further similarities between miniature endplate currents (MEPCs) and the formation of drops are reported here. We found that rapid changes in MEPC amplitudes and time courses, which accompany an increase in frequency, mimic changes in drop sizes that accompany increases in flow rate. MEPC intervals have a minimum and their distributions are comparable to those of drop intervals. During an increased rate of transmitter release, MEPP amplitudes and intervals were positively correlated. The results suggest that spontaneously released transmitter "packets" are formed at the moment of release and that transmitter supply to the process that forms packets is continuous.

Antibody-mediated impairment and homeostatic plasticity of autonomic ganglionic synaptic transmission

“…The amplitude of spontaneous miniature EPSPs (mEPSP) is a reflection of the quantal size (i.e. the response of the postsynaptic neuron to release of a single vesicle of acetylcholine) (Vautrin, et al, 1992). In control SCG neurons, mEPSPs occurred at a frequency of 2 to 3 per minute and had mean amplitude of 0.84 mV (Figure 3).…”

Fluctuation Analysis of Tetanic Rundown (Short-Term Depression) at a Corticothalamic Synapse

“…This unusual behavior is consistent with a shift to a subquantal release mode (cf. (50,51)). It is conceivable that the low sampling errors could reflect some kind of deterministic/chaotic process underlying quantal formation, as well as pseudostochastic release (19,(52)(53)(54)(55).…”

Focal, extracellular recording of slow miniature junctional potentials at the mouse neuromuscular junction

“…Vesicles may contain only a sub-quantum of transmitter and synchronous exocytoses , which could explain the variations in MEJP amplitude and time course (Kriebel and Gross, 1974;Wernig and Stirner, 1977). The amount of transmitter in a packet may also not be determined by the volume of synaptic vesicles (Kriebel et al, 1990;Vautrin et al, 1992).…”