An infilled wetland located behind coastal dunes in north-east Northland is used to reconstruct a local history of environmental change spanning early Holocene (c. 7000 yr BP) to modern time. Proxy indicators (sediment texture, diatoms and pollen) provide evidence for a transition from marginal marine-to brackish-to freshwaterconditions in the wetland. Radiocarbon ages constrain the chronology of this succession to 7880-7430 cal. yr BP for the early period of marine conditions, 3570-3210 cal. yr BP for the latter brackish phase and 1060-800 cal. yr BP for the change to freshwater conditions. Within this succession, the diatom record preserves a strong brackish signal at core depths above the limit of the modern tidal range. This is presented as preliminary evidence for a mid-Holocene sea level highstand for northern New Zealand of approximately 1.2 m above present mean sea level.
Keywords diatoms;14 C dating; highstand; palynology; sea level; sediments; stratigraphy
INTRODUCTIONThe characteristics of sedimentary successions that constitute the coastal depositional record are controlled by the interplay between sea level, sediment supply and accommodation space. Studies of the facies that comprise these sedimentary successions traditionally focus on shoreface, beach and dune environments and associated marine-dominated processes (e.g., Curray 1964;Kraft 1971; Thorn 1983;Davis & Clifton 1987;Roy et al. 1994). In general, these particular environments do not always preserve a detailed record of environmental change in adjacent terrestrial systems. In contrast, back-barrier environments (wetlands, swamps, marshes and lagoons) do have the potential to record details of environmental change in both coastal and terrestrial systems, particularly responses to sea-level change .For the New Zealand coast, there has been little effort to use back-barrier environments to study environmental change, nor to resolve Holocene sea-level history beyond that established by Gibb (1986). Noticeably absent has been any attempt to establish evidence for a midHolocene highstand in sea level, a phenomenon now well documented for other coasts in the SW Pacific (e.g., Woodroffe et al. 1995;Baker & Haworth 1997Nunn 1998; Sloss et al. in press). This paper addresses these matters via a case study of a back-barrier wetland in northern New Zealand. The study objectives are to investigate the sensitivity of the wetland to marine and terrestrial influences, and to test for evidence of a sea-level highstand using a multiproxy analysis of the sediment record.