Further evidence of the intricacy of memory span.

Brooks, John O.; Watkins, Michael J.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.16.6.1134

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…They note evidence that word frequency affects recall of items in the first serial positions (Watkins & Watkins, 1977) while phonological similarity plays a role in the terminal portion of the series (Brooks & Watkins, 1990). Martin and Saffran (1997) supported this claim with a study of 15 aphasic individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

The phonological neighbourhood effect on short-term memory for order

Clarkson

Roodenrys

Miller

et al. 2016

Memory

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Clarkson, Larissa, The phonological neighbourhood effect on short-term memory for order, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, 2013. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3841The phonological neighbourhood effect on short-term memory for order A AbstractVerbal short-term memory and long-term memory were once thought to be distinct processes, with short-term memory responsible for the maintenance and manipulation of verbal information in the immediate consciousness, and long-term memory responsible for storage of words and associated information over the lifespan.However, more recent research has suggested that the processes are intrinsically linked. The ability to learn novel items suggests that short-term memory is able to contribute to long-term memory, and recent findings also indicate that long-term memory has an influence on short-term memory. Typically, long-term memory is thought to assist the recall of items from short-term memory through a late stage redintegration process but does not influence the serial ordering of items in memory.More recently, one long-term memory variable, phonological neighbourhood density has been shown to influence memory for order in an immediate serial recall task with lists containing both large and small phonological neighbourhood words. This result has implications for the locus of the link between long-term memory and short-term memory, and is indicative of a link occurring earlier than assumed by most models of short-term memory. The aim of this thesis was to replicate evidence that phonological neighbourhood density is a variable that is sensitive to order processing and to identify the conditions under which this sensitivity appears. In a series of experiments, the effect of phonological neighbourhood density on memory for order was examined using tasks that varied in their requirement to recall order information or item information. Memory for order was better for words from large neighbourhoods than from small neighbourhoods, for pure lists but not for mixed lists in a task that reduces the requirement to remember item information, namely serial reconstruction. Further experiments using this paradigm revealed that this result was not due to differences in word lengths between large and small stimuli sets nor due to differences in reaction time to the items at output, and could not be attributed to different processes underlying immediate serial recall and serial reconstruction. The difference in memory for order between large-and small-phonological neighbourhood lists was found to disappear under conditions of articulatory suppression, suggesting that sub-vocal articulation acts as an intermediary between long-term memory and short-term memory. Finally, a second long-term memory variable, word frequency, was examined and was also shown to influence memory for iii order. This is indicative of a general long-term memory effect on short-term memory for order that has not been identified previously in the literature. These results are disc...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

The phonological neighbourhood effect on short-term memory for order

Clarkson

Roodenrys

Miller

et al. 2016

Memory

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“…The results with strict serial scoring are very similar to those in previous studies in which there was a similarity advantage under both quiet and suppression conditions, as well as, in some cases, an interaction with serial positionswith an advantage for similar lists restricted to or larger on the first serial positions (Brooks & Watkins, 1990;Crowder, 1979;Poirier & Saint-Aubin, 1995;Saint-Aubin & Poirier, 1999). Because strict serial scoring factors in item and order information and because semantic similarity produces distinct effects on those two recall components, error analyses are more important for shedding light on the memory processes highlighted by semantic similarity.…”

Section: Global Analysessupporting

confidence: 80%

Semantic similarity and immediate serial recall: Is there an effect on all trials

Saint‐Aubin

Ouellette

Poirier

2005

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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“…There is some empirical support for the claim that semantic factors have the greatest influence in the initial portions of the serial position curve, both from studies of normal performance (Brooks & Watkins, 1990;Watkins & Watkins, 1977) and from neuropsychological studies (N. ; R. C. Martin & Lesch, 1996; showing that semantically impaired patients show a reduced primacy effect, whereas phonologically impaired patients show a reduced recency effect. N. Martin and Saffran (1997), for example, found an association in 15 aphasic patients between semantic impairment and the ability to recall both the first word of a two-word list and the initial phonemes of a single word.…”

Section: Combined Analysis Serial Position Effects In the Recall Of Kmentioning

confidence: 92%

When does word meaning affect immediate serial recall in semantic dementia?

Jefferies

Jones

Bateman

et al. 2004

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

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Patients with semantic dementia can show superior immediate recall of words that they still understand relatively well, as compared with more semantically degraded words, suggesting that conceptual knowledge makes a major contribution to phonological short-term memory. However, a number of studies have failed to show such a recall difference, challenging this view. We examined the effect of several methodological factors on the recall of known and degraded words in 4 patients with semantic dementia, in order to investigate possible reasons for this discrepancy. In general, our patients did exhibit poorer recall of the degraded words and made more phonological errors on these items. In addition, set size affected the magnitude of the recall advantage for known words. This finding suggests that semantic degradation influenced the rate of learning in the immediate recall task when the same items were presented repeatedly. The methods used to select known and degraded items also impacted on the recall difference. List length, however, did not affect the advantage for known words. The coherence of items in phonological short-term memory was affected by their semantic status, but not by the length of the material to be retained. The implications of these findings for the role of semantic and phonological representations in verbal short-term memory are discussed.

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Further evidence of the intricacy of memory span.

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

The phonological neighbourhood effect on short-term memory for order

The phonological neighbourhood effect on short-term memory for order

Semantic similarity and immediate serial recall: Is there an effect on all trials

When does word meaning affect immediate serial recall in semantic dementia?

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