Further Evidence That the Effects of Repetition on Subjective Time Depend on Repetition Probability

Skylark, William J.; Gheorghiu, Ana I.

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01915

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“… Matthews’ (2015) suggests that repetition of stimuli exerts opposing effects on perceived duration: a first-order repetition effect, related to a low-level adaptation process, reduces perceived duration, while a higher-order repetition effect, which is associated with expectations about repetition, increases perceived duration. Skylark and Gheorghiu (2017) replicated Matthews’ (2015) study, reporting the same pattern of results using slightly different stimuli and different durations for the first and second stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…The fact that perceived duration is affected by the observer’s expectations about stimuli is of particular interest here; how this phenomenon operates is still an open question. There is existing evidence to suggest that fulfilled expectations reduce ( Tse et al, 2004 ; Ulrich et al, 2006 ; Pariyadath and Eagleman, 2007 , 2012 ; Matthews, 2011 ; Schindel et al, 2011 ), do not reduce ( van Wassenhove et al, 2008 ; Cai et al, 2015 ), or even increase perceived duration of a stimulus ( Matthews’, 2015 ; Matthews and Gheorghiu, 2016 ; Matthews and Meck, 2016 ; Schweitzer et al, 2017 ; Skylark and Gheorghiu, 2017 ; Birngruber et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The OE is a robust perceptual phenomenon that persists regardless of the type of temporal task used (e.g., Tse et al, 2004 ; Matthews, 2011 ; Birngruber et al, 2014 ). Moreover, the OE can also be elicited using variations on the classical temporal oddball task, such as presenting the target stimulus in a fixed position in the sequence of standards (e.g., van Wassenhove et al, 2008 ; Herai and Mogi, 2010 ; Cai et al, 2015 ), or even using a comparison task, in which only one standard stimulus precedes the target stimuli (e.g., Ulrich et al, 2006 ; Matthews, 2011 ; Matthews’, 2015 ; Skylark and Gheorghiu, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Perceived Duration: The Interplay of Top-Down Attention and Task-Relevant Information

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perception of time is susceptible to distortions; among other factors, it has been suggested that the perceived duration of a stimulus is affected by the observer’s expectations. It has been hypothesized that the duration of an oddball stimulus is overestimated because it is unexpected, whereas repeated stimuli have a shorter perceived duration because they are expected. However, recent findings suggest instead that fulfilled expectations about a stimulus elicit an increase in perceived duration, and that the oddball effect occurs because the oddball is a target stimulus, not because it is unexpected. Therefore, it has been suggested that top-down attention is sometimes sufficient to explain this effect, and sometimes only necessary, with an additional contribution from saliency. However, how the expectedness of a target stimulus and its salient features affect its perceived duration is still an open question. In the present study, participants’ expectations about and the saliency of target stimuli were orthogonally manipulated with stimuli presented on a short (Experiment 1) or long (Experiment 2) temporal scale. Four repetitive standard stimuli preceded each target stimulus in a task in which participants judged whether the target was longer or shorter in duration than the standards. Engagement of top-down attention to target stimuli increased their perceived duration to the same extent irrespective of their expectedness. A small but significant additional contribution to this effect from the saliency of target stimuli was dependent on the temporal scale of stimulus presentation. In Experiment 1, saliency only significantly increased perceived duration in the case of expected target stimuli. In contrast, in Experiment 2, saliency exerted a significant effect on the overestimation elicited by unexpected target stimuli, but the contribution of this variable was eliminated in the case of expected target stimuli. These findings point to top-down attention as the primary cognitive mechanism underlying the perceptual extraction and processing of task-relevant information, which may be strongly correlated with perceived duration. Furthermore, the scalar properties of timing were observed, favoring the pacemaker-accumulator model of timing as the underlying timing mechanism.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Perceived Duration: The Interplay of Top-Down Attention and Task-Relevant Information

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…By modulating the predictability of stimulus sequences, Cai et al (2015) found results suggesting that repetitions alone, and not expectations, might be the driving force behind the oddball effect. However, follow-up work demonstrated that the rate of stimulus repetition (Matthews, 2015;Skylark & Gheorghiu, 2017), and the expected sequential position of an oddball both modulate their effect on subjective duration (Wehrman et al, 2018). In addition, it has been shown that the degree to which the oddball physically differs from the standards can scale the temporal oddball effect (Kim & McAuley, 2013;Schindel et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural repetition suppression modulates time perception: Evidence from electrophysiology and pupillometry

Kruijne

Olivers

Rijn

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human time perception is malleable and subject to many biases. For example, it has repeatedly been shown that stimuli that are physically intense or that are unexpected seem to last longer. Two competing hypotheses have been proposed to account for such biases: one states that these temporal illusions are the result of increased levels of arousal which speeds up neural clock dynamics, whereas the alternative ‘magnitude coding’ account states that the magnitude of sensory responses causally modulates perceived durations. Common experimental paradigms used to study temporal biases can not dissociate between these accounts, as arousal and sensory magnitude covary and modulate each other. Here, we present two temporal discrimination experiments where two flashing stimuli demarcated the start and end of a to-be-timed interval. These stimuli could either be in the same or in a different location, which led to different sensory responses due to neural repetition suppression. Crucially, changes and repetitions were fully predictable, which allowed us explore effects of sensory response magnitude without impacting arousal or surprise. Intervals with changing markers were perceived as lasting longer than those with repeating markers. We measured EEG (Experiment 1) and pupil size (Experiment 2), and found that temporal perception was related to changes in event-related potentials (P2) and pupil constriction, both of which have been related to responses in sensory cortex. Conversely, correlates of surprise and arousal (P3 amplitude and pupil dilation) were unaffected by stimulus repetitions and changes. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that sensory magnitude affects time perception even under constant levels of arousal.

show abstract

“…For instance, the number of changes (e.g., varying the angles of lines) between the oddball and standard stimuli has been shown to modulate the magnitude of the oddball effect (Schindel et al, 2011;Pariyadath and Eagleman, 2012). However, more recent studies found that the repetition duration compression was reduced or even reversed when repeats were frequent compared with when repeats were rare across blocks, indicating an interaction between low-sensory adaptation and high-level expectation (Matthews, 2015;Skylark and Gheorghiu, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Modulation of Stimulus Familiarity on the Repetition Effect in Duration Judgment

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The repetition of a stimulus often produces a shorter subjective duration than does the presentation of a novel item. To test whether familiarity mediates the repetition compression effect, the present study compared the influence of repeated words and pseudowords on apparent duration, using a duration discrimination task. We found a similar magnitude of temporal compression for the repeated-word and repeated-pseudoword conditions. When introducing a further experiment with two new conditions in which the standard-comparison pair shared a character at the first or second constituent position, we observed a shorter subjective duration for whole word (or whole pseudoword) repetition compared with the remaining conditions (i.e., first-character repetition, second-character repetition, and novel baseline). However, temporal compression for the first-and second-character repetitions was observed only for pseudowords but not for words. Our findings indicate that familiarity modulates the perception of duration in constituent character repetition. The results are discussed on the basis of the predictive coding theory.

show abstract

Further Evidence That the Effects of Repetition on Subjective Time Depend on Repetition Probability

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Perceived Duration: The Interplay of Top-Down Attention and Task-Relevant Information

Perceived Duration: The Interplay of Top-Down Attention and Task-Relevant Information

Neural repetition suppression modulates time perception: Evidence from electrophysiology and pupillometry

The Modulation of Stimulus Familiarity on the Repetition Effect in Duration Judgment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About