Further evidence that the worst performance rule is a special case of the correlation of sorted scores rule

Sorjonen, Kimmo; Madison, Guy; Hemmingsson, Tomas; Melin, Bo; Ullén, Fredrik

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2020.101516

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Another explanation of the WPR focuses on its statistical characteristics ( Sorjonen et al 2020 , 2021 ). With simulated data, Sorjonen et al showed that the WPR is a special case of the correlation of sorted scores rule ( Sorjonen et al 2020 , 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because drift rates are likely affected by a number of lower-level cognitive processes that may also include attentional processes, the drift diffusion model account of the WPR is not necessarily irreconcilable with the attentional lapses account. In this sense, it is possible that attentional lapses are related to differences in the evidence accumulation process (see also : Boehm et al, 2021) Another explanation of the WPR focused on its statistical characteristics (Sorjonen, Madison, Hemmingsson, et al, 2020;. With simulated data, Sorjonen and colleagues showed that the WPR is a special case of the correlation of sorted scores rule (Sorjonen, Madison, Hemmingsson, et al, 2020;.…”

Section: Alternative Accounts To the Worst Performance Rulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, it is possible that attentional lapses are related to differences in the evidence accumulation process (see also : Boehm et al, 2021) Another explanation of the WPR focused on its statistical characteristics (Sorjonen, Madison, Hemmingsson, et al, 2020;. With simulated data, Sorjonen and colleagues showed that the WPR is a special case of the correlation of sorted scores rule (Sorjonen, Madison, Hemmingsson, et al, 2020;. This rule states that the correlation between a sorted measure of performance (e.g., binned mean RTs or trial-wise sorted RTs) and intelligence will depend on the direction of the correlation between the variability in performance (e.g., intra-individual standard deviation in RTs) and intelligence.…”

Section: Alternative Accounts To the Worst Performance Rulementioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Attentional Lapses Account for the Worst Performance Rule?

et al. 2021

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The worst performance rule (WPR) describes the phenomenon that individuals’ slowest responses in a task are often more predictive of their intelligence than their fastest or average responses. To explain this phenomenon, it was previously suggested that occasional lapses of attention during task completion might be associated with particularly slow reaction times. Because less intelligent individuals should experience lapses of attention more frequently, reaction time distribution should be more heavily skewed for them than for more intelligent people. Consequently, the correlation between intelligence and reaction times should increase from the lowest to the highest quantile of the response time distribution. This attentional lapses account has some intuitive appeal, but has not yet been tested empirically. Using a hierarchical modeling approach, we investigated whether the WPR pattern would disappear when including different behavioral, self-report, and neural measurements of attentional lapses as predictors. In a sample of N = 85, we found that attentional lapses accounted for the WPR, but effect sizes of single covariates were mostly small to very small. We replicated these results in a reanalysis of a much larger previously published data set. Our findings render empirical support to the attentional lapses account of the WPR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alternative Accounts To the Worst Performance Rulementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alternative Accounts To the Worst Performance Rulementioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Attentional Lapses Account for the Worst Performance Rule?

et al. 2021

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Diminishing returns as a function of the association between within-individual average performance and variance

Sorjonen

Madison

Melin

2021

Heliyon

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It has been demonstrated that the worst performance rule (WPR) effect can occur as a result of statistical dependencies in the data. Here, we examine whether this might also be the case for Spearman's law of diminishing returns (SLODR). Two proposed SLODR criteria are the skewness of the estimated latent ability factor and the correlation between this latent ability and within-individual residual variance. Using four publicly available datasets, covering quite different dimensions of behavior, we show that both these criteria are affected by the correlation between within-individual average performance and variance on the test scores. However, the influence of this correlation on the two criteria goes in opposite directions, which suggests that it generally might be difficult to get results that unambiguously support SLODR. These results might have far-reaching implications for the literature, to the extent that various research findings attributed to human cognitive functioning might in fact be due to trivial statistical dependencies in data. This is an important issue to address for future research.

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Further evidence that the worst performance rule is a special case of the correlation of sorted scores rule

Cited by 2 publications

References 30 publications

Do Attentional Lapses Account for the Worst Performance Rule?

Do Attentional Lapses Account for the Worst Performance Rule?

Diminishing returns as a function of the association between within-individual average performance and variance

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