Further Examination of Discriminated Functional Communication

Leon, Yanerys; Hausman, Nicole L.; Kahng, Sung Woo; Becraft, Jessica L.

doi:10.1901/jaba.2010.43-525

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The benefits of arranging a multiple schedule compared to other practical schedules warrant continued research in evaluating the efficacy of and preference for even more practical variations, such as those that involve portable or vocal cues (see Grow, LeBlanc, & Carr, 2010;Tiger, Hanley, & Heal, 2006;Tiger, Hanley, & Larsen, 2008), natural activity-based cues (see Kuhn, Chirighin, & Zelenka, 2010;Leon, Hausman, Kahng, & Becraft, 2010), or other formats (see Cammilleri, Tiger, & Hanley's, 2008, classwide application). The benefits of arranging a multiple schedule compared to other practical schedules warrant continued research in evaluating the efficacy of and preference for even more practical variations, such as those that involve portable or vocal cues (see Grow, LeBlanc, & Carr, 2010;Tiger, Hanley, & Heal, 2006;Tiger, Hanley, & Larsen, 2008), natural activity-based cues (see Kuhn, Chirighin, & Zelenka, 2010;Leon, Hausman, Kahng, & Becraft, 2010), or other formats (see Cammilleri, Tiger, & Hanley's, 2008, classwide application).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How should periods without social interaction be scheduled? Children's preference for practical schedules of positive reinforcement

Luczynski

Hanley

2014

J of App Behav Analysis

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Several studies have shown that children prefer contingent reinforcement (CR) rather than yoked noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) when continuous reinforcement is programmed in the CR schedule. Preference has not, however, been evaluated for practical schedules that involve CR. In Study 1, we assessed 5 children's preference for obtaining social interaction via a multiple schedule (periods of fixed-ratio 1 reinforcement alternating with periods of extinction), a briefly signaled delayed reinforcement schedule, and an NCR schedule. The multiple schedule promoted the most efficient level of responding. In general, children chose to experience the multiple schedule and avoided the delay and NCR schedules, indicating that they preferred multiple schedules as the means to arrange practical schedules of social interaction. In Study 2, we evaluated potential controlling variables that influenced 1 child's preference for the multiple schedule and found that the strong positive contingency was the primary variable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How should periods without social interaction be scheduled? Children's preference for practical schedules of positive reinforcement

Luczynski

Hanley

2014

J of App Behav Analysis

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“…To date, only a small proportion of studies have used such typical-environment stimuli (6.8%) such as using caregiver behavior to signal the availability or unavailability of reinforcement (Kuhn, Chirighin, & Zelenka, 2010; Leon, Hausman, Kahng, & Becraft, 2010). …”

Section: Considerations In Arranging Multiple Schedulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the typical environment, such stimuli may have historically functioned as discriminative or motivating stimuli that occasion or evoke problem behavior and thus compete with the early stages of the treatment process. In addition, typical-environment stimuli may, at times, be more subtle and more difficult to establish discriminative control with than those evaluated in the Kuhn et al (2010) and Leon et al (2010) studies (e.g., looking at a friend’s Facebook page on a computer vs. completing one’s taxes on the same computer). In these circumstances, it may be important to teach the individual a precursor response, such as asking the caregiver, “Are you busy?,” which was done to good effect with one participant in the Kuhn et al (2010) study.…”

Section: Considerations In Arranging Multiple Schedulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple schedules in practical application: Research trends and implications for future investigation

Saini

Miller

Fisher

2016

J of App Behav Analysis

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Researchers began studying multiple schedules in basic laboratories, but recent advances have extended research on multiple schedules to a wide variety of socially significant applications, especially during the last decade. Applied researchers have used multiple schedules (a) to promote stimulus control over high-rate appropriate behaviors, (b) to thin the schedule of reinforcement following functional communication training, and (c) to obtain stimulus control over problem behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement. In the current paper, we reviewed 31 studies with 147 applications identified through a search of the applied literature on multiple schedules. Using these studies, we (a) reviewed the empirical literature on multiple schedules, (b) recommended multiple-schedule procedures that serve as best practice guidelines for applied behavior analysts, (c) identified the generality and boundaries of current knowledge about the effectiveness of multiple schedules, and (d) critically analyzed the literature to provide directions for future multiple-schedule research.

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“…One approach recently described involves bringing the communication response under control of naturally occurring stimuli that signal the availability of reinforcement (Kuhn, Chirighin, & Zelenka, 2010;Leon, Hausman, Kahng, & Becraft, 2010). In these studies, a multiple schedule arrangement was used wherein therapist behavior signaling he/she was "busy" (e.g., talking on the phone) was correlated with extinction for the communication response, while therapist behavior signaling he/she was "not busy" (e.g., sitting in a chair) was correlated with reinforcement for the communication response.…”

Section: Are There Other Ways To Reduce High Rates Of Communication Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, interventions aimed at bringing the communication response under discriminative control of naturally occurring stimuli that are correlated with the probability of reinforcement show great promise (Kuhn et al, 2010, Leon et al, 2010.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement Schedule Thinning Following Functional Communication Training: Review and Recommendations

Hagopian

Boelter

Jarmolowicz

2011

Behav Analysis Practice

169

164

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4This paper extends the Tiger, Hanley, and Bruzek (2008) review of functional communication training (FCT) by reviewing the published literature on reinforcement schedule thinning following FCT. As noted by Tiger et al. and others, schedule thinning may be necessary when the newly acquired communication response occurs excessively, to the extent that reinforcing it consistently is not practical in the natural environment. We provide a review of this literature including a discussion of each of the more commonly used schedule arrangements used for this purpose, outcomes obtained, a description of methods for progressing toward the terminal schedule, and a description of supplemental treatment components aimed at maintaining low levels of problem behavior during schedule thinning. Recommendations for schedule thinning are then provided. Finally, conceptual issues related to the reemergence of problem behavior during schedule thinning and areas for future research are discussed. Keywords: alternative activities, delay-to-reinforcement, demand fading, functional communication training, multiple schedules, punishment, response restriction schedule thinning ABSTRACT F 1 Articles were initially located by reviewing published studies listed in the PsychLit and PubMed databases between January 1985 to October 2009. Two search terms, one from each category, were always combined and each term was combined with every other term in the other category. The terms were as follows: (1) functional communication training; (2) functional communication; and (3) alternative communication. Following this initial step, the abstracts of the articles meeting the above criteria were reviewed to determine if the authors had implemented FCT as a treatment for aggression, self-injury, or property destruction (referred to in this manuscript collectively as "problem behavior").

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Further Examination of Discriminated Functional Communication

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

How should periods without social interaction be scheduled? Children's preference for practical schedules of positive reinforcement

How should periods without social interaction be scheduled? Children's preference for practical schedules of positive reinforcement

Multiple schedules in practical application: Research trends and implications for future investigation

Reinforcement Schedule Thinning Following Functional Communication Training: Review and Recommendations

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