Further experience with the free soleus perforator flaps using CT-angiography as a planning tool – A preliminary study

A Prospective Head-to-Head Comparison of Color Doppler Ultrasound and Computed Tomographic Angiography in the Preoperative Planning of Lower Extremity Perforator Flaps

“…Therefore, in areas where there is thicker fat tissue, computed tomographic angiography can provide a clearer perforator image, including its origin, position, intramuscular and subcutaneous course, and relationship with the trunk vessel [20][21][22][23] ; however, in areas where there is limited fat tissue, computed tomographic angiography is not as clear. Although the blood flow signal detected by color Doppler ultrasound in the deeper tissue layers is not clear because of the intermittent image capture, 18,24-26 color Doppler ultrasound is very sensitive to the perforators in the superficial tissue planes, where the hemodynamic signal is easier to detect.…”

Value of a smartphone‐compatible thermal imaging camera in the detection of peroneal artery perforators: Comparative study with computed tomography angiography

“…Recently, PAP flaps have been applied for intraoral reconstruction due to its thin and palpable nature. It has a long pedicle with large size caliber, and the donor site morbidity is low . Reliable cutaneous flaps should be based on suitable PAPs.…”

“…Over the past few years, computed tomography angiography (CTA) has become an established technique for mapping the cutaneous vasculature of the lower limbs. CTA can provide detailed anatomical information about the peroneal artery and its perforators, and such information facilitated the design and harvest of both the fibular flaps and the PAP flaps …”

“…It has a long pedicle with large size caliber, and the donor site morbidity is low. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Reliable cutaneous flaps should be based on suitable PAPs. However, the variable anatomy of the vasculature makes this challenging.…”

“…CTA can provide detailed anatomical information about the peroneal artery and its perforators, and such information facilitated the design and harvest of both the fibular flaps and the PAP flaps. 12,[15][16][17] Infrared (IR) radiation is an electromagnetic radiation emitted by an object with a temperature above absolute zero. According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the intensity of IR radiation increases with temperature.…”