Further Insight into Mesoamerican Paint Technology: Unveiling the Colour Palette of the Pre‐Columbian Codex Fejérváry‐Mayer by Means of Non‐invasive Analysis

Buti, David; Domenici, Davide; Grazia, Chiara; Ostapkowicz, Joanna; Watts, Siobhan; Romani, A.; Presciutti, Federica; Brunetti, Brunetto Giovanni; Sgamellotti, Antonio; Miliani, Costanza

doi:10.1111/arcm.12341

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In situ UV-vis reflection, steady-state photoluminescence and FT-IR measurements on Mesoamerican codices were carried out with instruments and set-ups described in references [2,[4][5][6][7] while the laboratory apparatus and conditions employed for the characterization of mock-ups are described hereinafter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those codices are divided into three groups (Borgia group, Mixtec group, Maya group) on the basis of their style, content, and provenance. In particular, eight of them and five early colonial ones were investigated by the mobile laboratory MOLAB and the results of some of these non-invasive analytical campaigns have been published in references [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Detailed information about the codices is reported in Table 2.…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last years, non-invasive in situ spectroscopic techniques [1] allowed to study ancient Mesoamerican codices (not only pre-Hispanic but also colonial) in view of their capability to yield information about the materials composition and overall preserving the integrity of these fragile and valuable artefacts [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] for which any sampling and transportation are absolutely unthinkable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shades of blue: non-invasive spectroscopic investigations of Maya blue pigments. From laboratory mock-ups to Mesoamerican codices

et al. 2020

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Maya blue is a hybrid pigment where an organic component, indigo, is incorporated in a porous clay. Despite its widespread use in the Mesoamerican artistic production and numerous studies devoted to understand the type of interactions between indigo and the host framework, its technology has not been completely unravelled yet. In this study portable non-invasive UV-vis reflection spectroscopy is proposed as a robust method for in situ investigation of Maya blue pigments. Laboratory mock-ups of powder Maya blue have been prepared employing different synthesis procedures (varying the nature of: clays, indigo-clay ratios, heating temperatures and time). The goodness of the prepared Maya blue samples-namely the occurrence of indigo-clay interactions-have been probed by micro-Raman spectroscopy and related UV-vis spectral markers have been identified. DFT calculations as well have been performed to deeply explain UV-vis profiles. The set of spectral markers have been finally exploited to interpret spectra recorded on Mesoamerican pictorial codices, through a multi-technique approach based on exploring the UV-Vis properties of the blue paint supported by the FT-IR vibrational study of the inorganic clays. The characterization of blue colours on pre-Hispanic and colonial Mesoamerican codices contribute to a better understanding of the compositional variability of these painting materials and to point out the existence of different technological traditions of colour preparation in ancient Mesoamerica.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shades of blue: non-invasive spectroscopic investigations of Maya blue pigments. From laboratory mock-ups to Mesoamerican codices

et al. 2020

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“…The use of indigenous colors, also for additions like the figure of a Spaniard on fragment XI, indicates the early colonial period. Cochineal, the carminic acid extracted from the female scale insect that lives on opuntia, was commonly used as red color in Pre-Columbian Mexico and has been identified on most of the codices manufactured during the colonial period (Anderson 2015;Buti et al 2018;Domenici et al 2014Domenici et al , 2017Domenici et al , 2019aDomenici et al , 2019bDupey Garcia 2017;Pottier et al 2019;Snijders, Zaman, and Howell 2016;Zetina, Ruvalcaba, and Falcón 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material analysis of Aztec codices in Berlin

Noeller

Danielewski

Giel

et al. 2019

STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research

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The collection Manuscripta Americana in Berlin consists of fragmented codices acquired by Alexander von Humboldt in Mexico. Some of these Humboldt Codices are published as hieroglyphic writings of the Aztecs in "Vues des Cordilleres et Monuments des Peuples indigènes de l'Amerique". Starting from a special compilation of seven fragments on plate 36 in the "Atlas", we investigated the corresponding original fragments using material analysis in order to clarify their historical relations. The analyses were carried out with X-ray fluorescence analysis, VIS spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy in diffuse reflection and revealed typical indigenous colors like cochineal, indigo, and organic yellows (e.g. mangrove and zacatlaxcalli). Four fragments under investigation show exactly the same material and thus must once have belonged together in one compendium. An additional manuscript from Mizquiahuala also shown on plate 36 can be matched to another one that is not published in the "Atlas".

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“…Maya Blue (MB) pigment is an organic-inorganic composite pigment that widely exists in the murals and codes of ancient Maya ruins (Gettens, 1962;Giustetto et al, 2006;Arnold et al, 2012;Doménech-Carbó et al, 2014;Buti et al, 2018). It has attracted considerable attention because of its characteristic brightness after centuries of vicissitudes (José-Yacamán et al, 1996;Vandenabeele et al, 2005;Chiari et al, 2008;Grazia et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure and Properties of Sepiolite with Partial Lattice Ions Substituted by Aluminum Ions

et al. 2021

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Sepiolite was modified with Al3+ via hydrothermal reaction. The substitution amount of Al3+ for Mg2+ and Si4+ located at sepiolite lattice and the influence of substitution amount on the structure, specific surface area, and surface acidity of Al-modified sepiolite were investigated. On this basis, indigo–sepiolite composite pigments were prepared by Al-modified sepiolite and indigo via grinding method to evaluate the influence of Al-modified sepiolite on the structure, bonding strength, and weather resistance of composite pigment. The crystal structure of Al-modified sepiolite had no obvious change after modification. Al3+ mainly substituted Mg2+ located at the octahedron of the sepiolite lattice, and the substitution amount was positively related to the dosage of Al3+. The specific surface area of Al-modified sepiolite decreased and the distribution of channel size became wider after Al modification. In addition, the absolute value of zeta potential decreased as well as the solid acid sites increased with the increase of Al substitution in Al-modified sepiolite. For indigo–sepiolite composite pigments, the structure of Al-modified sepiolite had no obvious change as well. The adsorption amount of indigo in composite pigment after treating by DMSO and Al content as well as weak acid amount in Al-modified sepiolite presented linear correlation, indicating that Al modification could enhance the bonding strength between indigo and Al-modified sepiolite by increasing the amount of coordinated water with Al. For indigo, Al-modified sepiolite could brighten the color and reduce the weather resistance of the prepared composite pigment. The results of this study provide a new idea and basis for regulating the structure and properties of clay and for studying the preparation of composite pigment and clay functional materials.

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Further Insight into Mesoamerican Paint Technology: Unveiling the Colour Palette of the Pre‐Columbian Codex Fejérváry‐Mayer by Means of Non‐invasive Analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Shades of blue: non-invasive spectroscopic investigations of Maya blue pigments. From laboratory mock-ups to Mesoamerican codices

Shades of blue: non-invasive spectroscopic investigations of Maya blue pigments. From laboratory mock-ups to Mesoamerican codices

Material analysis of Aztec codices in Berlin

The Structure and Properties of Sepiolite with Partial Lattice Ions Substituted by Aluminum Ions

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