Further progress in the study of epsilon iron oxide in archaeological baked clays

López-Sánchez, Jesús; Palencia-Ortas, A.; Campo, Adolfo del; McIntosh, G.; Kovacheva, Mary; Martín-Hernández, F.; Carmona, N.; Fuente, O. Rodrı́guez de la; Marı́n, P.; Molina‐Cardín, Alberto; Osete, María Luisa

doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2020.106554

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…2I and K) seem to be the four actors present in the samples, although concentration is highly variable. However, recent studies have shown that local conditions are key to develop magnetic mineralogy at sub-centimetric scale (López-Sánchez et al, 2020). The overall result of the rock magnetic experiment (and Thellier experiments as we will explain in the next section) summarizes how the magnetic signal is dominated by SD or mainly SD particles.…”

Section: Rock Magnetismmentioning

confidence: 97%

Refining geomagnetic field intensity changes in Europe between 200 CE and 1800 CE. New data from the Mediterranean region

Rivero-Montero

Gómez‐Paccard

Pavón‐Carrasco

et al. 2021

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors

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Absolute past geomagnetic intensity values can mainly be recovered by fired archaeological materials and volcanic rocks. Here, we present 10 new archeointensities from the Mediterranean region that help to better constrain geomagnetic field intensity changes in Europe over the last two millennia. The new archeointensity results were obtained from the Thellier classical method including thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) checks and both the TRM anisotropy and cooling rate corrections and were derived from at least three specimens. The new data presented, together with a selection of previous archeointensities satisfying a set of quality criteria, confirm the presence of several intensity maxima in Europe over the last 2000 years. In particular, the new archeointensities allow to better define the starting point of the double-oscillation feature that occurred in Europe during the second half of the first millennium CE, and reinforce the existence of a relative maximum at the end of the 14th century -beginning of the 15th century in Western Europe. From selected European archeointensities two new paleosecular variation curves are constructed for Western and Eastern Europe using temporal cubic b-splines in a bootstrap approach. The obtained curves suggest that the occurrence of the intensity maxima is characterized by a period of about 300 ± 50 years. In addition, our results suggest that the maxima do not occur simultaneously in Western and Eastern Europe, pointing out an intensity eastward drift with a mean lag-time of about 100 years.

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Section: Rock Magnetismmentioning

confidence: 97%

Refining geomagnetic field intensity changes in Europe between 200 CE and 1800 CE. New data from the Mediterranean region

Rivero-Montero

Gómez‐Paccard

Pavón‐Carrasco

et al. 2021

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors

Self Cite

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“…Another source of the strongly magnetic fraction after heating soil material are the transformation products of weakly magnetic iron oxyhidroxides (lepidocrocite, goethite, ferrihydrite), usual end‐products of surface weathering reactions (Cornell & Schwertmann, 2003). Unblocking temperature T ub ∼ 250°C on the hard IRM component (Figures 4c and 4d) could be linked to the increasingly reported presence of ε‐Fe 2 O 3 mineral phase in archeological materials of burnt clay (Dejoie et al., 2015; López‐Sánchez et al., 2017, 2020; McIntoshet al., 2011). The epsilon Fe 2 O 3 phase is thermally stable, has giant coercivity and its T c is about 230°C (Garcia‐Muños et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Identification and Classification of Archeological Materials From Bronze Age Gold Mining Site Ada Tepe (Bulgaria) Using Rock Magnetism

Jordanova

Tcherkezova

et al. 2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Research on ancient gold mining is mainly focused on the archaeometallurgical investigations aiming at identification of the ore province (i.e., the source of the raw metal) and geochemical characterization of the gold artifacts (e.g., Baron et al., 2019; Chapman et al., 2006). However, full understanding of the sequence ore deposit-mining-processing-gold artifacts production is not possible without detailed knowledge about the ancient mining techniques, process organization, and time evolution of the technology utilized. Application of a wide range of interdisciplinary methods (geochemistry, geomorphology, microscopy, GIS, etc.) could provide clues for discovering relics of ancient mining and ore-processing activities, as well as for reconstructing the methods utilized by the ancient miners and the effects they posed on the environment. One analytical evidence-based approach for obtaining such information is provided by the rock-magnetic methods (Evans & Heller, 2003). Late Bronze Age open-pit gold mine at Ada Tepe in the Easthern Rhodopes (South-Eastern Bulgaria) (Figure 1) was intensively studied during the last decade (

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“…Despite this, using confocal Raman spectroscopy, López‐Sánchez et al. (2017, 2020) identified the HCSLT phase in archeological artifacts as ε‐Fe 2 O 3 . In these studies, the authors argued that the slightly lower observed Curie points and lack of low‐ T transition is likely due to cation substitution in the crystal lattice of ε‐Fe 2 O 3 (López‐Sánchez et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Magnetic Mineral Assemblages in Clinkers: Potential Tools for Full Vector Paleomagnetic Studies

Sprain

Feinberg

Lamers

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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High-quality paleomagnetic data are essential for documenting the variation in Earth's magnetic field on geologic timescales. These variations provide insight into the magnetohydrodynamic processes that occur in Earth's outer core, and additionally have important implications for a range of Earth processes including the deflection of the solar wind (Tarduno et al., 2010), cosmogenic nuclide production rates (Lifton et al., 2014), the evolution of the deep interior (Biggin et al., 2015), and habitability (Lammer et al., 2009). Currently, there are several global time-varying paleomagnetic field models for the Holocene, derived from paleomagnetic and archeomagnetic data that have greatly improved our understanding of the magnetic field for the last 10 kyr (e.g.,

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Further progress in the study of epsilon iron oxide in archaeological baked clays

Cited by 19 publications

References 57 publications

Refining geomagnetic field intensity changes in Europe between 200 CE and 1800 CE. New data from the Mediterranean region

Refining geomagnetic field intensity changes in Europe between 200 CE and 1800 CE. New data from the Mediterranean region

Identification and Classification of Archeological Materials From Bronze Age Gold Mining Site Ada Tepe (Bulgaria) Using Rock Magnetism

Characterization of Magnetic Mineral Assemblages in Clinkers: Potential Tools for Full Vector Paleomagnetic Studies

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