Further specification of the five robust factors of personality.

Digman, John M.; Inouye, Jillian

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.50.1.116

Cited by 522 publications

(361 citation statements)

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“…Thus, there is something persistent in children's personality that can be judged by well informed observers, who generally agree with each other (Caspi, 2000). If the number of rating scales is wide enough, the domain of descriptors used by knowledgeable others (teachers or parents, for instance) to characterize adolescent personality is very often and almost exhaustively accounted for by five robust factors (Digman & Inouye, 1986;Goldberg, 2001). These results, and a quantity of other data, accompanied by our own observations, make it very unlikely that children younger than 12 years of age and scoring, say, less than 38 points on the SPM do not already have a personality structure or that it is very dissimilar to the adult structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality development from 12 to 18 years of age: changes in mean levels and structure of traits

et al. 2004

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The Estonian NEO-FFI was administered to 2650 Estonian adolescents (1420 girls and 1230 boys) aged from 12 to 18 years and attending 6th, 8th, 10th, or 12th grade at secondary schools all over Estonia. Although the mean levels of personality traits of Estonian adolescents were quite similar to the respective scores of Estonian adults, there was a developmental gap in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Three of the five personality dispositions demonstrated a modest cross-sectional change in the mean level of the trait scores: the level of Openness increased and the levels of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness decreased between 12 and 18 years of age. Although the five-factor structure of personality was already recognizable in the sample of 12-year-old children, it demonstrated only an approximate congruence with the adult structure, suggesting that not all children of that age have developed abilities required for observing one's own personality dispositions and for giving reliable self-reports on the basis of these observations. The self-reported personality trait structure matures and becomes sufficiently differentiated around age 14-15 and grows to be practically indistinguishable from adult personality by the age of 16. Personality of adolescents becomes more differentiated with age: along with the growth of mental capacities the correlations among the personality traits and intelligence become smaller.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality development from 12 to 18 years of age: changes in mean levels and structure of traits

et al. 2004

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“…Based on principles 5 and 6, we also predicted that rank-order stability would not differ substantially by gender or among the Big Five traits. Finally, given that previous studies had demonstrated that the childhood data conformed to the Big-Five trait structure (Digman & Inouye, 1986;Goldberg 2001), we predicted that we would demonstrate construct continuity between the child and adult versions of these latent traits. …”

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A first large cohort study of personality trait stability over the 40 years between elementary school and midlife.

Hampson¹,

Goldberg²

2006

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

276

148

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This report provides some initial findings from an investigation of the relations between childhood Big Five personality traits assessed by elementary-school teachers and similar traits assessed 40 years later by self-reports at midlife. Our analyses are based on data from a relatively large and culturally diverse sample (N = 799) that was first assessed between 1959 and 1967 when the participants were children in Hawaii. Short-term (1-3 years) test retest reliabilities were lower (.22 -.53) within childhood when personality is developing than within adulthood (.70 -.79) when personality stability may be at its peak. Stability coefficients across the 40-year interval between the childhood assessment and two measures of adulthood personality were higher for Extraversion (e.g., .29) and Conscientiousness (e.g., .25) than for Openness (e.g., .16), Agreeableness (e.g., .08) and Neuroticism (e.g., .00). Construct continuity between childhood and adulthood was evaluated by canonical analysis and by structural-equation modeling and indicated continuity at both a broad, twodimensional level and at the level of the Big Five. The findings are discussed in relation to Caspi, Roberts, and Shiner's (2005) principles of rank-order personality stability.Keywords personality stability; Big Five; construct continuity; longitudinal study The extent to which child personality is predictive of adult personality has long been a fundamental scientific, philosophical, and even poetic question. Wordsworth's "The child is father of the man" and Milton's "The child shows the man, as morning shows the day" are not unambiguous. Neither poet was necessarily suggesting perfect correspondence and complete predictability from youth to maturity. Similarly, the stability of personality characteristics over the life course remains a controversial empirical issue. Proponents of stability debate the findings with advocates of transformation and change (McCrae et al., 2000;Lewis, 2001).In this report, we provide some initial findings from an investigation of the relations between childhood personality traits assessed by elementary-school teachers and similar traits assessed by self-reports at mid-life. Our analyses are based on data from the Hawaii Personality and Health Cohort, a relatively large and culturally diverse sample that was first assessed between 1959 and 1967 when the participants were children in Hawaii. The childhood assessments were designed and supervised by the late John M. Digman, and formed the basis for some of the pioneering work on the five-factor structure of personality (e.g., Digman, 1989 NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript assessments were undertaken over a four-year period (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002) after an interval of 35 -43 years (Hampson et al., 2001). Consequently, these data offer an extraordinary opportunity to examine the question of personality stability from childhood to midlife with measures of the five-factor model of personality at each time point. We have be...

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“…Was der "Persön-lichkeit selbst" zugrunde liegt, könne davon verschieden sein. (Mulaik, 1964, Peabody, 1984, Digman & Inouye, 1986 (Wittgenstein, 1989, p. 17).…”

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Ertel¹

2011

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Further specification of the five robust factors of personality.

Cited by 522 publications

References 45 publications

Personality development from 12 to 18 years of age: changes in mean levels and structure of traits

Personality development from 12 to 18 years of age: changes in mean levels and structure of traits

A first large cohort study of personality trait stability over the 40 years between elementary school and midlife.

Basiskomponenten der Persönlichkeit

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