Further Studies on the Isolated Gastric Antrum

Woodward, Edward R.; Robertson, Charlotte; W, Fried; Schapiro, H

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(57)80033-x

Cited by 73 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the dog, mechanical activation of the pyloric 2* antrum is a powerful stimulus for gastrin release and acid secretion (Woodward et al, 1957;Debas et al, 1974). Antral distension fails to stimulate acid secretion in normal man and produces only a moderate response in ulcer patients, apparently without liberation of gastrin (Bergegirdh and Olbe, 1975;Bergegirdh et al, 1976b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fundic distension on gastric acid secretion in man.

Grötzinger¹,

Bergegårdh²,

Olbe³

1977

Gut

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY The effect of distension of the fundus and body of the stomach on gastric acid secretion was studied in 26 patients with duodenal ulcer and six healthy subjects. Graded distension produced by inflating a rubber balloon to volumes of 150, 300, and 600 ml resulted in significant sequential increments of acid output. The secretory response outlasted stimulation by at least one hour. In both groups of subjects, the highest acid output obtainable with fundic distension amounted to just above 50 % of the maximum secretory response evoked by intravenous infusion of pentagastrin. A significant correlation was found between the peak secretory rates observed during fundic distension and after pentagastrin stimulation. It is concluded that distension of the oxyntic gland area in man is a potent stimulus for gastric secretion of acid and that patients with duodenal ulcer are no more sensitive to this stimulus than healthy subjects.Food reaching the stomach stimulates the parietal cells to secrete hydrochloric acid by virtue of its physicochemical properties-that is, by activating enteroceptors which are susceptible to chemical and mechanical stimuli. In the dog, mechanical stimulation by gastric distension brings about acid secretion by means of two mechanisms: direct neural activation of the oxyntic glands and pH-dependent release of antral gastrin (Grossman, 1967). This basic concept of dual reflex action applies to both antral and fundic distension (Grossman, 1961(Grossman, , 1962Debas et al., 1974;. In man, the acid response to the ingestion of test meals has been extensively studied (Hunt and Macdonald, 1952;Rune, 1966;George, 1968;Cooke, 1970;Fordtran and Walsh, 1973;Malagelada et al., 1976). This integrated secretory response is influenced by factors including psychic stimulation, the volume and composition of the meal, the rate of gastric emptying and the effects of chyme on the intestine. Only sparse information is available on the acid secretory effect of the different components which constitute the gastric phase in man. Recent work has shown that antral distension stimulates acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer by way of a mechanism which is pH-independent and not mediated by gastrin (BergegArdh et al., , 1976b. In contrast, healthy subjects did not respond to antral distension.Received for publication 10 September 1976 In the present study, the acid secreting part of the stomach was distended with a balloon and the effect of graded fundic distension on acid secretion was examined in patients with duodenal ulcer and in healthy subjects. Methods SUBJECTS STUDIEDPatients with duodenal ulcer (DU) Twenty-six male sulbjects (mean age 44 years, range 20-63 years) with chronic duodenal ulceration awaiting elective surgery were studied. The diagnosis was established by endoscopy and/or barium meal examination and confirmed at operation. In no patient was there any evidence of gastric outlet obstruction.Healthy subjects Six healthy men (mean age 23 years, range 20-25 years) without any history of gas...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fundic distension on gastric acid secretion in man.

Grötzinger¹,

Bergegårdh²,

Olbe³

1977

Gut

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Acidification of the gastric antrum reduces the secretion from denervated and innervated fundic pouches in response to various stimuli (1)(2)(3)(4). With sensitive radioimmunoassay technics it is possible to directly measure serum concentrations of gastrin released from the antrum during periods of variation in antral acidity (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Changes in Antral pH on the Basal Release of Gastrin

Becker

Reeder

Thompson

1973

Experimental Biology and Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acidification of the gastric antrum reduces the secretion from denervated and innervated fundic pouches in response to various stimuli (1-4). With sensitive radioimmunoassay technics it is possible to directly measure serum concentrations of gastrin released from the antrum during periods of variation in antral acidity (5). In the present work we report direct evidence on the timing of gastrin release after application of solutions at varying pH to antral mucosa which was not otherwise stimulated. Gastrin concentrations in blood draining the gastric antrum were measured by radioimmunoassay.Materials and Methods. Twelve adult mongrel dogs were divided into two groups of six. Each dog was fasted for 24 hr and anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. At laparotomy the blood supply of the antrum was dissected to allow intermittent sampling of the antral venous outflow as described previously (6). The antrum was isolated from the fundus by means of a clamp placed across the antra-fundic junction. A doublelumen catheter for perfusion was placed via the duodenum into the antrum, and the pylorus was ligated around the catheter. During a 30 rnin basal period, the antral secretions were collected for determination of pH. Antral perfusion was then begun using solutions of 0.9% NaCl adjusted to pH vallues between 1.0 and 8.0. The rate of perfusion was 150 ml/hr; the inflow pressure was less than 2 cm H20 and visible distension of the pouch did not occur. Antral venous blood samples for gastrin measurement were obtained twice in the basal state (-15 min and zero time) and a t 15 min 1 Svpponted by grant AM 15241 from the National Institutes of Health and by a grant from The: John A. Hamtford Foundation, Inc. intervals throughout the experiments.I n six dogs (Group 1) continuous antral perfusion was begun a t pH 7.0, and every 30 min the pH of the perfusate was lowered by 1 unit in order to make the antrum more acid. In the other six dogs (Group 2) the antrum was perfiused for 30 min periods, first at pH 7.0, then serially a t pH 3.0, 8.0, 1.0 and 7.0. Sections of antral mucosa were taken for histologic study a t the end of each experiment. The gastrin concentrations in the serum of the antral venous blood were measured by radioimmunoassay ( 5 ) and are expressed as the mean of the observed values with the corresponding standard error (2 SE) . Student's t test was used to determine statistical significance of the data.Results. Irrigation of the antrum with solutions of varying acidity produced no histologic evidence of injury to antral mucosa.Group I (Fig. 1.) The results of measurement of gastrin values in antral venous blood in the six dogs are shown in Fig. 1. The mean basal serum gastrin was 172 t 23 pg/ml. The pH of the aspirated basal secretions from the antral pouch was between 3.5 and 5.0. Irrigation of the antrum with saline pH 7 increased the gastrin concentration to a peak of 390 t 69 pg/ml ( p < 0.02). Stepwise lowering of the pH of the antral perfusate resulted in progressive diminution in gastrin values. At pH 5 ...

show abstract

“…Because antral mucosa was separated from the corpus, gastrin release caused by vagally induced motil ity was not masked by the inhibitory effect of the mucosa's being bathed by acid. Another report (125) confirms the conclusion that antral hyper motility caused by insulin hypoglycemia is sufficient to release gastrin. Blood from the antrum passes through the liver before reaching the corpus, and there gastrin may be destroyed.…”

Section: Coordination Of Digestive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Digestive System

Davenport

1959

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To understand digestion we need first a gross, qualitative description of the fate of ingesta; what is secreted in response to the meal, how ingesta are transformed by reaction with secretions and by the propulsive mechanism, what is absorbed and what rejected. This should be followed by an exact quantitative and temporal description in the style of chemical kinetics in which net changes are reported in terms of two-way fluxes. Coupled with this should be a detailed account of the physiological and morphological basis of secretion, transformation, and absorption reaching down to the deepest levels at which anatomy, biochemistry, and biophysics become indistinguishable one from another. Finally we require a description complete at all levels of controlling processes. Then we can put the fragments of our knowledge to sether to characterize what happens in the gut.2Descriptive, analytical, and synthetic aspects of our knowledge of diges tion are incomplete, for gastroenterological physiology suffers from difficul ties inherent in all biological science. Even summary descriptions must fre quently be revised as we gain new tools and insights, and scientific attack does not proceed in an orderly manner. Before we had learned to describe di gestion in simple terms there were triumphs of analysis, as for example the discovery of the secretin mechanism, but we cannot say how individual parts cooperate to perform the total function. In addition, gastroenterological physiology has its peculiar troubles. What is ingested may range from a ten course dinner served at the Duchess of Guermantes' to repulsive mixtures of mud and mush appropriately called "test meals." There are wide species dif ferences, and even within one species the digestive apparatus shows great functional variability. Consequently, when we come to describe what actu ally occurs during digestion we must specify what meal was eaten by what animal under what circumstances. SECRETION FROM THE SALIVARY GLANDSNot only do salivary glands differ from species to species, but several glands in one animal secrete juices of different compositions. The parotid 1 This review considers selected aspects of the recent literature available in the University of Michigan library at the end of May, 1958. 2 Papers on the following phases of digestion are cited for completeness but will not be discussed: on secretion (161 to 172); on the pancreas (173 to 177); on bile ( 178 to 182); on absorption (183 to 199); on cholesterol absorption (200 to 210); on neuro physiology (211 to 217); on smooth muscle (218 to 220); on the esophagus (221 to 228); on regulation (218 to 229); on the effects of drugs and 5-hydroxytryptamine (229 to 242); on growth, injury, and repair (24.3 to 249); on blood flow (250 to 255); and on methods (257 to 263). 183Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1959.21:183-210. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by Western Michigan University on 02/03/15. For personal use only.Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS 184 DAVENPORT gland of dog and man s...

show abstract

Further Studies on the Isolated Gastric Antrum

Cited by 73 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of fundic distension on gastric acid secretion in man.

Effect of fundic distension on gastric acid secretion in man.

The Effect of Changes in Antral pH on the Basal Release of Gastrin

Digestive System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About