Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) of wheat: Role of host resistance, wheat aphids, insecticide and strobilurin fungicide in disease control in Punjab, India

Bagga, P. S.

doi:10.1556/crc.36.2008.suppl.b.57

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, in our study, the aphids are not involved as a vector, yet a rise in mycotoxin accumulation in insect-affected wheat was achieved through other mechanisms. In wheat field trials, the application of insecticide to reduce grain aphid populations at booting and/or heading was shown to reduce the incidence and severity of FHB by 20% and 31%, respectively (33). In terms of direct evidence that aphid involvement increases the success of pathogens on wheat, it has been shown previously that aphid feeding increases the frequency of lesions caused by Microdochium nivale on wheat leaves (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Sharing a Host Plant (Wheat [Triticum aestivum]) Increases the Fitness of Fusarium graminearum and the Severity of Fusarium Head Blight but Reduces the Fitness of Grain Aphids (Sitobion avenae)

Drakulic

Caulfield

Woodcock

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bWe hypothesized that interactions between fusarium head blight-causing pathogens and herbivores are likely to occur because they share wheat as a host plant. Our aim was to investigate the interactions between the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, and Fusarium graminearum on wheat ears and the role that host volatile chemicals play in mediating interactions. Wheat ears were treated with aphids and F. graminearum inoculum, together or separately, and disease progress was monitored by visual assessment and by quantification of pathogen DNA and mycotoxins. Plants exposed to both aphids and F. graminearum inoculum showed accelerated disease progression, with a 2-fold increase in disease severity and 5-fold increase in mycotoxin accumulation over those of plants treated only with F. graminearum. Furthermore, the longer the period of aphid colonization of the host prior to inoculation with F. graminearum, the greater the amount of pathogen DNA that accumulated. Headspace samples of plant volatiles were collected for use in aphid olfactometer assays and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-coupled electroantennography. Disease-induced plant volatiles were repellent to aphids, and 2-pentadecanone was the key semiochemical underpinning the repellent effect. We measured aphid survival and fecundity on infected wheat ears and found that both were markedly reduced on infected ears. Thus, interactions between F. graminearum and grain aphids on wheat ears benefit the pathogen at the expense of the pest. Our findings have important consequences for disease epidemiology, because we show increased spread and development of host disease, together with greater disease severity and greater accumulation of pathogen DNA and mycotoxin, when aphids are present. P lant interactions with pathogens or insects are usually studied in isolation, even though plants are exposed to both in the field. It is likely that organisms that share the same host plant can alter its condition and thereby interact with each other. Although Fusarium pathogens and grain aphids cause substantial damage to wheat and coincide, little is known about interactions between these species.Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease of small grain cereals that occurs globally and is caused by a complex of species from the genera Fusarium and Microdochium (1, 2). The most aggressive species causing FHB is Fusarium graminearum, a potent producer of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), which is harmful to human and animal health if consumed (3). European legislation has set the acceptable limit of DON in grain marketed for human consumption at 1,250 g kg Ϫ1 (4) in unprocessed cereals. Consequently, FHB epidemics result in large economic losses from the combined effects of reductions in yield, increased mycotoxin contamination, and reduced quality and marketability of the crop (5).In the spring, ascospores and/or conidia of Fusarium graminearum are released from crop residues and are spread by wind or rainsplash. Wheat is most susceptible to FHB du...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Sharing a Host Plant (Wheat [Triticum aestivum]) Increases the Fitness of Fusarium graminearum and the Severity of Fusarium Head Blight but Reduces the Fitness of Grain Aphids (Sitobion avenae)

Drakulic

Caulfield

Woodcock

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In small cereals, aphids are important insect-pests often correlated with FHB severity, but the efficacy of insecticide application seems strongly related to pest pressure. While, prophylactic sprays with insecticides will not enhanced wheat yields in absence of high pest pressure [291], in Indian trials the application at heading significantly improved FHB control, but no data were collected on mycotoxin [292]. Further, in Northern Europe the use of insecticides in cereals showed a low effect, although significant, with the infestation by F. graminearum and the consequent mycotoxins [286].…”

Section: Fusarium Disease and Toxins Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium Toxins in Cereals: Occurrence, Legislation, Factors Promoting the Appearance and Their Management

2016

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Fusarium diseases of small grain cereals and maize cause significant yield losses worldwide. Fusarium infections result in reduced grain yield and contamination with mycotoxins, some of which have a notable impact on human and animal health. Regulations on maximum limits have been established in various countries to protect consumers from the harmful effects of these mycotoxins. Several factors are involved in Fusarium disease and mycotoxin occurrence and among them environmental factors and the agronomic practices have been shown to deeply affect mycotoxin contamination in the field. In the present review particular emphasis will be placed on how environmental conditions and stress factors for the crops can affect Fusarium infection and mycotoxin production, with the aim to provide useful knowledge to develop strategies to prevent mycotoxin accumulation in cereals.Keywords: Fusarium toxins; Fusarium disease; mycotoxin regulation; mycotoxin management Mycotoxigenic Fusarium and Fusarium-Related DiseasesFusarium is one of the most economically important genera of phytopathogenic fungi. Several Fusarium species can infect small grain cereals (wheat, barley and oat) and maize; the predominant species can vary according to crop species involved, geographic region and environmental conditions [1,2]. Fusarium toxins are secondary metabolites produced by toxigenic fungi that naturally contaminate cereals, they represent a source of grave concern in cereals and cereal-based products, resulting in harmful contamination of foods and feedstuffs [3].Fusarium diseases that affect cereal crops are caused by several individual Fusarium or more commonly, co-occurring species. Fusarium spp. can cause indirect losses resulting from seedling blight or reduced seed germination, or direct losses such as seedling foot and stalk rots; however, the most important diseases in cereals due to a severe reduction in yield and quality are head blight of small cereals as wheat, barley and oat, and ear rot of maize [4,5]. The coexistence of different Fusarium spp. in the field is a normal situation and although the number of detectable species can be high [6], only some of them are pathogenic, especially under suitable climatic conditions. The composition of species involved in the Fusarium disease complex is dynamic [7]. The species comprising a Fusarium community associate with each other and this cohabitation is particularly affected by climatic factors such as temperature and moisture. Moreover, evidences indicates that the environmental conditions that favour the infection process can differ from those that affect colonization [8]; therefore, the relationship among Fusarium species may change over time during the infection process.

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“…Although several studies have investigated tripartite insect–plant–pathogen interactions (Al‐Naemi and Hatcher, ; Johnson et al ., ; Kruess, ; Leath and Byers, ; Mondy and Corio‐Costet, ; Moran, ), aphid–cereal– Fusarium interactions have remained elusive for a long time. Bagga () demonstrated that FHB severity in wheat was significantly reduced by more than 30% when aphids were controlled by insecticide application. In addition, in maize, another host that is susceptible to Fusarium , a clear link between Fusarium or its toxins and insect control was demonstrated (Degraeve et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The plant response induced in wheat ears by a combined attack of Sitobion avenae aphids and Fusarium graminearum boosts fungal infection and deoxynivalenol production

Zutter

Audenaert

Ameye

et al. 2016

Molecular Plant Pathology

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The pathogen Fusarium graminearum, producer of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, and Sitobion avenae aphids both reside on wheat ears. We explored the influence of an earlier aphid infestation on the expression profile of specific molecular markers associated with F. graminearum infection. Using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, we followed the expression of wheat defence genes on S. avenae infestation and explored the effect on a subsequent F. graminearum infection. This was performed by the assessment of disease symptoms, fungal biomass, mycotoxin production and number of aphids at several time points during disease progress. Wheat ears infected with F. graminearum showed more disease symptoms and higher deoxynivalenol levels when ears were pre-exposed to aphids relative to a sole inoculation with F. graminearum. Aphids induced defence genes that are typically induced on F. graminearum infection. Other defence genes showed earlier and/or enhanced transcription after exposure to both aphids and F. graminearum. In the discussion, we link the symptomatic and epidemiological parameters with the transcriptional induction pattern in the plant. Our study suggests that pre-exposure of wheat ears to aphids affects the plant response, which plays a role in the subsequent attack of F. graminearum, enabling the fungus to colonize wheat ears more rapidly.

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Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) of wheat: Role of host resistance, wheat aphids, insecticide and strobilurin fungicide in disease control in Punjab, India

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Sharing a Host Plant (Wheat [Triticum aestivum]) Increases the Fitness of Fusarium graminearum and the Severity of Fusarium Head Blight but Reduces the Fitness of Grain Aphids (Sitobion avenae)

Sharing a Host Plant (Wheat [Triticum aestivum]) Increases the Fitness of Fusarium graminearum and the Severity of Fusarium Head Blight but Reduces the Fitness of Grain Aphids (Sitobion avenae)

Fusarium Toxins in Cereals: Occurrence, Legislation, Factors Promoting the Appearance and Their Management

The plant response induced in wheat ears by a combined attack of Sitobion avenae aphids and Fusarium graminearum boosts fungal infection and deoxynivalenol production

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