Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat: Biology, Modern Detection and Diagnosis and Integrated Disease Management

Alisaac, Elias; Mahlein, Anne-Katrin

doi:10.3390/toxins15030192

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…F. graminearum is ranked among the top five most destructive fungal pathogens that affect agroecosystems 51 . It causes fusarium head blight, a concerning disease that affects crops such as wheat and barley and leads to loss of yield and quality of the cereals 52,53 . Iturin A has been shown to strongly inhibit the growth of this pathogenic fungus and its possible use as a sustainable fungicide for agricultural use has been suggested as one of the most promising applications for this lipopeptide 13,54,55 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…51 It causes fusarium head blight, a concerning disease that affects crops such as wheat and barley and leads to loss of yield and quality of the cereals. 52,53 Iturin A has been shown to strongly inhibit the growth of this pathogenic fungus and its possible use as a sustainable fungicide for agricultural use has been suggested as one of the most promising applications for this lipopeptide. 13,54,55 Hence, it was decided to test the antifungal activity of the newly synthesized iturin A analogues against F. graminearum to assess their suitability as bioactive mimetics of the natural lipopeptide (Figure 5).…”

Section: Antifungal Assays Against F Graminearummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Total synthesis of antifungal lipopeptide iturin A analogues and evaluation of their bioactivity against F. graminearum

Karamanis,

Muldoon,

Murphy

et al. 2024

Journal of Peptide Science

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The pursuit of novel antifungal agents is imperative to tackle the threat of antifungal resistance, which poses major risks to both human health and to food security. Iturin A is a cyclic lipopeptide, produced by Bacillus sp., with pronounced antifungal properties against several pathogens. Its challenging synthesis, mainly due to the laborious synthesis of the β‐amino fatty acid present in its structure, has hindered the study of its mode of action and the development of more potent analogues. In this work, a facile synthesis of bioactive iturin A analogues containing an alkylated cysteine residue is presented. Two analogues with opposite configurations of the alkylated cysteine residue were synthesized, to evaluate the role of the stereochemistry of the newly introduced amino acid on the bioactivity. Antifungal assays, conducted against F. graminearum, showed that the novel analogues are bioactive and can be used as a synthetic model for the design of new analogues and in structure–activity relationship studies. The assays also highlight the importance of the β‐amino acid in the natural structure and the role of the stereochemistry of the amino fatty acid, as the analogue with the D configuration showed stronger antifungal properties than the one with the L configuration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antifungal Assays Against F Graminearummentioning

confidence: 99%

Total synthesis of antifungal lipopeptide iturin A analogues and evaluation of their bioactivity against F. graminearum

Karamanis,

Muldoon,

Murphy

et al. 2024

Journal of Peptide Science

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“…Nevertheless, the singular mode of action and mechanism of systemic fungicides of this nature make them susceptible to the development of pathogen resistance. [8] The extensive use of these pesticides has significantly increased the challenge of combating drug-resistant pathogens. For this reason, progress in the development of novel pesticides lags behind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Antifungal Properties of 1,2,4‐Triazole Schiff Base Agents Based on a 3D‐QSAR Model

Hao,

Feng,

Dong

et al. 2024

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Based on our previous research, a 3D‐QSAR model (q2=0.51, ONC=5, r2=0.982, F=271.887, SEE=0.052) was established to predict the inhibitory effects of triazole Schiff base compounds on Fusarium graminearum, and its predictive ability was also confirmed through the statistical parameters. According to the results of the model design, 30 compounds with superior bioactivity compared to the template molecule 4 were obtained. Seven of these compounds (DES2‐6, DES9‐10) with improved biological activity and readily available raw materials were successfully synthesized. Their structures were confirmed through HRMS, NMR, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis (DES‐5). The bioactivity of the final products was investigated through an in vitro antifungal assay. There was little difference in the EC50 values between the experimental and predicted values of the model, demonstrating the reliability of the model. Especially, DES‐3 (EC50=9.915 mg/L) and DES‐5 (EC50=9.384 mg/L) exhibited better inhibitory effects on Fusarium graminearum compared to the standard drug (SD) triadimenol (EC50=10.820 mg/L). These compounds could serve as potential new fungicides for future research. The interaction between the final products and isocitrate lyase (ICL) was investigated through molecular docking. Compounds with R groups that have a higher electron‐donating capacity were found to be biologically active.

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“…Various methods have been used in wheat for high-throughput phenotyping of FHB (Alisaac and Mahlein, 2023). Using different deep learning architectures, spike and disease segmentation has been performed based on RGB images from commercial cameras (Gu et al ., 2020; Hong et al ., 2022; Rößle et al ., 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An RGB based deep neural network for high fidelity Fusarium head blight phenotyping in wheat

Cooper,

Du,

Beaver

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat is an economically important disease, which can cause yield losses exceeding 50% and the causal pathogen that infects spikes produces harmful mycotoxins. Breeding for host resistance remains the most effective disease control method; but time, labor, and human subjectivity during disease scoring limits selection advancements. In this study we describe an innovative, high-throughput phenotyping rover for capturing in-field RGB images and a deep neural network pipeline for wheat spike detection and FHB disease quantification. The image analysis pipeline successfully detects wheat spikes from images under variable field conditions, segments spikes and diseased tissue in the spikes, and quantifies disease severity as the region of intersection between spike and disease masks. Model inferences on an individual spike and plot basis were compared to human visual disease scoring in the field and on imagery for model evaluation. The precision and throughput of the model surpassed traditional field rating methods. The accuracy of FHB severity assessments of the model was equivalent to human disease annotations of images, however individual spike disease assessment was influenced by field location. The model was able to quantify FHB in images taken with different camera orientations in an unseen year, which demonstrates strong generalizability. This innovative pipeline represents a breakthrough in FHB phenotyping, offering precise and efficient assessment of FHB on both individual spikes and plot aggregates. The model is robust to different conditions and the potential to standardize disease evaluation methods across the community make it a valuable tool for studying and managing this economically significant fungal disease.

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Fusarium Head Blight on Wheat: Biology, Modern Detection and Diagnosis and Integrated Disease Management

Cited by 47 publications

References 168 publications

Total synthesis of antifungal lipopeptide iturin A analogues and evaluation of their bioactivity against F. graminearum

Total synthesis of antifungal lipopeptide iturin A analogues and evaluation of their bioactivity against F. graminearum

Synthesis and Antifungal Properties of 1,2,4‐Triazole Schiff Base Agents Based on a 3D‐QSAR Model

An RGB based deep neural network for high fidelity Fusarium head blight phenotyping in wheat

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