Fusarium Mycotoxins in Two Hulless Oat and Barley Cultivars Used for Food Purposes

Polišenská, Ivana; Jirsa, Ondřej; Vaculová, Kateřina; Pospíchalová, Markéta; Wawroszová, Simona; Frydrych, J.

doi:10.3390/foods9081037

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In fact, the EU has not set a ML for these mycotoxins in oats, in spite of their high toxicity. FB1 was found in a single hulless oat sample at the level of 19 ng/g in the Czech Republic [49]. Three oat samples from Malaysian markets were contaminated with FB1 and one sample contained FB2 [50], which agrees quite well with the results found in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Potential Health Risk Associated with Mycotoxins in Oat Grains Consumed in Spain

Tarazona

Gómez

Mateo

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Spain is a relevant producer of oats (Avena sativa), but to date there has been no study on the occurrence/co-occurrence of mycotoxins in oats marketed in Spain. The present study is addressed to overcome this lack of knowledge. One hundred oat kernel samples were acquired across different Spanish geographic regions during the years 2015–2019 and analyzed for mycotoxin content using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS) method and matrix-matched calibration. The focus was on the regulated mycotoxins although other relevant mycotoxins were considered. The percentage of incidence (levels ≥ limit of detection), mean and range (ng/g) of mycotoxins were as follows: zearalenone (66%, mean 39.1, range 28.1–153), HT-2 toxin (47%, mean 37.1, range 4.98–439), deoxynivalenol, (34%, mean 81.4, range 19.1–736), fumonisin B1 (29%, mean 157.5, range 63.2–217.4), and T-2 toxin, (24%, mean 49.9, range 12.3–321). Fumonisin B2, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, aflatoxins B1, B2, and G2, and ochratoxin A were also detected at low levels, but aflatoxin G1 was not. The maximum limits established by the European Commission for unprocessed oats were not exceeded, except for zearalenone (in one sample), and the sum of aflatoxins (in two samples). Mycotoxin co-occurrence at quantifiable levels in the same sample (two to five combinations) was found in 31% of samples. The most common mixtures were those of HT-2 + T-2 toxins alone or together with deoxynivalenol and/or zearalenone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Potential Health Risk Associated with Mycotoxins in Oat Grains Consumed in Spain

Tarazona

Gómez

Mateo

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…Cereal crop diseases caused by pathogenic and toxicogenic species of the Fusarium genus (FHB) inflict serious economic losses worldwide. Therefore, the development of sustainable strategies to prevent FHB contamination and mycotoxin accumulation has become a target of intensive research in recent years, and the use of FHB-resistant genotypes has been chosen as one of the prioritized trends in breeding practice [121,128,129]. Even now, however, the knowledge of complex mechanisms regulating resistance in cereal crops is still insufficient, and selecting resistant genotypes remains a difficult task for breeders.…”

Section: Biotic Stress Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat, Barley, and Oat Breeding for Health Benefit Components in Grain

Лоскутов

Khlestkina

2021

Plants

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Cereal grains provide half of the calories consumed by humans. In addition, they contain important compounds beneficial for health. During the last years, a broad spectrum of new cereal grain-derived products for dietary purposes emerged on the global food market. Special breeding programs aimed at cultivars utilizable for these new products have been launched for both the main sources of staple foods (such as rice, wheat, and maize) and other cereal crops (oat, barley, sorghum, millet, etc.). The breeding paradigm has been switched from traditional grain quality indicators (for example, high breadmaking quality and protein content for common wheat or content of protein, lysine, and starch for barley and oat) to more specialized ones (high content of bioactive compounds, vitamins, dietary fibers, and oils, etc.). To enrich cereal grain with functional components while growing plants in contrast to the post-harvesting improvement of staple foods with natural and synthetic additives, the new breeding programs need a source of genes for the improvement of the content of health benefit components in grain. The current review aims to consider current trends and achievements in wheat, barley, and oat breeding for health-benefiting components. The sources of these valuable genes are plant genetic resources deposited in genebanks: landraces, rare crop species, or even wild relatives of cultivated plants. Traditional plant breeding approaches supplemented with marker-assisted selection and genetic editing, as well as high-throughput chemotyping techniques, are exploited to speed up the breeding for the desired genotуpes. Biochemical and genetic bases for the enrichment of the grain of modern cereal crop cultivars with micronutrients, oils, phenolics, and other compounds are discussed, and certain cases of contributions to special health-improving diets are summarized. Correlations between the content of certain bioactive compounds and the resistance to diseases or tolerance to certain abiotic stressors suggest that breeding programs aimed at raising the levels of health-benefiting components in cereal grain might at the same time match the task of developing cultivars adapted to unfavorable environmental conditions.

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“…The European Food Safety Administration established a lower tolerated daily intake of 0.7 µg kg − 1 body weight for NIV compared to 1 µg kg − 1 for DON. Tolerance limits for NIV in food cereals have not been identified yet in Canada [ 44 ] and currently, NIV concentrations in barley grains are neither routinely determined nor legislatively regulated in Canada [ 19 ]. The discovery of NIV contamination associated with F. poae in barley shows the importance of routine testing for NIV in naturally affected barley grain samples and the need for more extensive research on F. poae .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Crop Rotation and Fungicide on Fusarium and Mycotoxin Spectra in Manitoba Barley, 2017–2019

Islam

Banik

Sura

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases of barley in Manitoba province (western Canada), and other major barley producing regions of the world. Little is known about the Fusarium species and mycotoxin spectra associated with FHB of barley in Manitoba. Hence, barley grain samples were collected from 149 commercial fields from 2017 to 2019, along with information on respective cropping history, and analyzed with respect to Fusarium species spectra, abundance, chemotype composition, and mycotoxin profiles. Fusarium poae was the predominant Fusarium species associated with FHB of barley in Manitoba, followed by F. graminearum, and F. sporotrichioides; F. equiseti and F. avenaceum were also detected but at low levels. F. poae strains with the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype and F. graminearum strains with 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) chemotypes were commonly detected in the barley grain samples. Nivalenol (597.7, 219.1, and 412.4 µg kg−1) and deoxynivalenol (DON) (264.7, 56.7, and 65.3 µg kg−1) were the two most prevalent mycotoxins contaminating Manitoba barley in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. A substantially higher DON content was detected in grain samples from barley fields with cereals as a preceding crop compared to canola and flax. Furthermore, F. poae proved less sensitive to four triazole fungicides (metconazole, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, tebuconazole, and prothioconazole) than F. graminearum. Findings from this research will assist barley producers with improved understanding of FHB threat levels and optimizing practices for the best management of FHB in barley.

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Fusarium Mycotoxins in Two Hulless Oat and Barley Cultivars Used for Food Purposes

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Potential Health Risk Associated with Mycotoxins in Oat Grains Consumed in Spain

Potential Health Risk Associated with Mycotoxins in Oat Grains Consumed in Spain

Wheat, Barley, and Oat Breeding for Health Benefit Components in Grain

Implications of Crop Rotation and Fungicide on Fusarium and Mycotoxin Spectra in Manitoba Barley, 2017–2019

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