Fusarium root and crown rot in alfalfa subjected to autumn harvests

Couture, L.; Dhont, Catherine; Chalifour, François-P.; Drapeau, R.; Tremblay, Gaëtan F.; Castonguay, Yves; Bélanger, Gilles; Nadeau, Paul

doi:10.4141/p01-132

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Growth regulators such as MeJA (Farmer and Ryan 1990;Baldwin et al 1997) or ABA (Hildmann et al 1992), commonly associated with plant defense reactions that can induce the expression of VSPs in forage legume species further support the concept of multiple functions for VSPs, including a potential contribution to the plant response to pathogen aggressions. Interestingly, Couture et al (2002) recently reported an increase in the occurrence of Fusarium root and crown rot in alfalfa plants whose VSP contents are markedly reduced by an additional harvest in the fall (Dhont et al 2003).…”

Section: Vsp and Resistance To Pathogens: Contribution To N Economy Amentioning

confidence: 98%

Vegetative storage proteins in overwintering storage organs of forage legumes: roles and regulation

Avice¹,

Dily²,

Goulas³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Bot.

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In perennial forage legumes such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), vegetative storage proteins are extensively mobilized to meet the nitrogen requirements of new shoot growth in spring or after cutting in summer. The 32-kDa alfalfa storage protein possesses high homology with class III chitinases, belonging to a group of pathogenesis-related proteins that possess antifreeze protein properties in some species and exhibit chitinolytic activity in vitro. This protein and the corresponding mRNA accumulate in taproots of cold-hardy cultivars during acclimation for winter, and in response to short-day conditions in controlled environments. The 17.3-kDa storage protein of white clover possesses high homology with pathogenesis-related proteins and abscisicacid-responsive proteins from several legume species and has characteristics common to stress-responsive proteins. Low temperature enhances accumulation of this 17.3-kDa protein and its corresponding transcript. Exogenous abscisic acid stimulates the accumulation of vegetative storage proteins and their transcripts in both legume species. These observations suggest that vegetative storage proteins do not exclusively serve as nitrogen reserves during specific phases of legume development, but may play important adaptive roles in plant protection against abiotic (low temperature) and biotic (pathogen attack) stresses. Résumé :Chez les légumineuses fourragères telles que la luzerne (Medicago sativa L.) et le trèfle blanc (Trifolium repens L.), les protéines de réserve des organes végétatifs sont fortement mobilisées pour couvrir les besoins en azote né-cessaires à la croissance des nouvelles parties aériennes au printemps ou après une coupe estivale. La protéine de réserve de 32 kDa de la luzerne possède une forte homologie avec des chitinases de classe III appartenant à un groupe de protéines induites par des pathogènes, présentant des propriétés de protéines antigel chez d'autres espèces, et qui montre une activité chitinolytique in vitro. Cette protéine et les ARNm correspondants sont accumulés dans les pivots de cultivars endurcis au froid, pendant le processus d'acclimatation hivernale, et en réponse à l'application de jours courts, en conditions contrôlées. La protéine de réserve de 17,3 kDa du trèfle possède une forte homologie de séquence avec des protéines induites par les pathogènes et par l'acide abscissique chez plusieurs légumineuses, et partage des caractéristiques communes aux protéines réagissant aux stress. Les basses températures induisent l'accumulation de la protéine de 17,3 kDa et du transcrit correspondant. L'application exogène d'acide abscissique stimule l'accumulation des protéines de stockage et de leurs transcrits chez les deux espèces. Ces observations suggèrent que les protéines de réserves des organes végétatifs ne serviraient pas exclusivement de réserve azotée pendant des phases spécifiques de développement des légumineuses, mais qu'elles pourraient également jouer des rôles adaptatifs importants dans la...

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Section: Vsp and Resistance To Pathogens: Contribution To N Economy Amentioning

confidence: 98%

Vegetative storage proteins in overwintering storage organs of forage legumes: roles and regulation

Avice¹,

Dily²,

Goulas³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Bot.

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“…Assessment of regrowth after cutting, performed in both sterile and non-sterile media, suggests that frequently clipped alfalfa plants die from both reserve depletion and infection (Lukezic et al 1969). In field-grown alfalfa, Couture et al (2002) reported that a fall harvest increased the severity of Fusarium root rot, especially when the regrowth interval between the last summer harvest and the fall harvest was short.…”

Section: Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Bélanger¹,

Castonguay²,

Bertrand³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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R. 2006. Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 33-47. Harsh winter climate results in frequent losses of stands and yield reduction in many forage-growing areas of Canada and other parts of the world. Climatic conditions and crop management both affect the winter survival of perennial forage crops. In this review, we present the main causes of winter damage in eastern Canada and we discuss crop management practices that help mitigate the risks of losses. Predictive tools available to assess the risks of winter damage both spatially and temporally are also presented. Our understanding of the causes of winter damage and of the plant adaptation mechanisms to winter stresses, particularly the role of N and C organic reserves, has improved. Forage species commonly grown in eastern Canada differ in their tolerance to subfreezing temperatures and to anoxia caused by the presence of ice on fields. Some improvement in winter hardiness of forage legume species has been achieved through breeding in eastern Canada but new technologies based on laboratory freezing tests and the identification of molecular markers may facilitate the future development of winter-hardy cultivars. Crop management practices required for good winter survival are now better defined, particularly those involving cutting management and the interval between harvests. Simulation models and climatic indices derived from our current knowledge of the causes of winter damage provide general indications on the risk of winter damage but their degree of precision and accuracy is still not satisfactory. Further improvements in winter survival require a more thorough understanding of the different causes of winter damage and, primarily, of their complex interactions with genetic, climatic, and management factors.

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“…Infection reduces yield and longevity of the crop, and stands become unproductive after a few years. Several Fusarium species are associated with this disease, among which Fusarium acuminatum (Ellis & Everhart) is frequently isolated from diseased alfalfa roots (12,52) and produces the T-2 toxin (38,40). The size and complexity of legume genomes, the scarcity of genetic information, and difficulties encountered in transforming these plants are major limitations for reaching a better understanding of their defense mechanisms.…”

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Stimulation of Defense Reactions in Medicago truncatula by Antagonistic Lipopeptides from Paenibacillus sp. Strain B2

Selim

Négrel

Wendehenne

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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With the aim of obtaining new strategies to control plant diseases, we investigated the ability of antagonistic lipopolypeptides (paenimyxin) from Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 to elicit hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production and several defense-related genes in the model legume Medicago truncatula. For this purpose, M. truncatula cell suspensions were used and a pathosystem between M. truncatula and Fusarium acuminatum was established. In M. truncatula cell cultures, the induction of H 2 O 2 reached a maximum 20 min after elicitation with paenimyxin, whereas concentrations higher than 20 M inhibited H 2 O 2 induction and this was correlated with a lethal effect. In plant roots incubated with different concentrations of paenimyxin for 24 h before inoculation with F. acuminatum, paenimyxin at a low concentration (ca. 1 M) had a protective effect and suppressed 95% of the necrotic symptoms, whereas a concentration higher than 10 M had an inhibitory effect on plant growth. Gene responses were quantified in M. truncatula by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Genes involved in the biosynthesis of phytoalexins (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, chalcone reductase), antifungal activity (pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinase), or cell wall (invertase) were highly upregulated in roots or cells after paenimyxin treatment. The mechanisms potentially involved in plant protection are discussed.

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Fusarium root and crown rot in alfalfa subjected to autumn harvests

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Vegetative storage proteins in overwintering storage organs of forage legumes: roles and regulation

Vegetative storage proteins in overwintering storage organs of forage legumes: roles and regulation

Winter damage to perennial forage crops in eastern Canada: Causes, mitigation, and prediction

Stimulation of Defense Reactions in Medicago truncatula by Antagonistic Lipopeptides from Paenibacillus sp. Strain B2

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