Fusarium Species and Their Associated Mycotoxins

Munkvold, Gary P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6707-0_4

Cited by 201 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…The metabolites from F. chlamydosporum were aurofusarin, chlamydospordiol and W493B ( Table 1). Contrary to expectations (Shier and Abbas, 1992;Solfrizzo et al, 1994;Munkvold, 2016), chlamydosporol was not found in the cultures of this species in our present study. For the F. incarnatum/equiseti species complex, chrysogin, deoxyfusapyron, fusapyron and equisetin were detected.…”

Section: Metabolites From Fusarium and Tolypocladiumcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

et al. 2020

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Low moisture content ready-to-eat foods vended in Nigerian markets could be prepackaged or packaged at point of sale. These foods are widely and frequently consumed across Nigeria as quick foods. Despite their importance in the daily diets of Nigerians, a comprehensive study on the diversity of fungi, fungal metabolite production potential, and mycotoxin contamination in the foods has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study assessed the diversity of fungi in 70 samples of low moisture content ready-to-eat foods [cheese balls, garri (cassava-based), granola (a mix of cereals and nuts) and popcorn] in Nigeria by applying a polyphasic approach including morphological examination, genera/species-specific gene marker sequencing and secondary metabolite profiling of fungal cultures. Additionally, mycotoxin levels in the foods were determined by LC-MS/MS. Fungal strains (n = 148) were recovered only from garri. Molecular analysis of 107 representative isolates revealed 27 species belonging to 12 genera: Acremonium, Allophoma, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Microdochium, Penicillium, Sarocladium, Talaromyces, and Tolypocladium in the Ascomycota, and Fomitopsis and Trametes in the Basidiomycota. To the best of our knowledge Allophoma, Fomitopsis, Microdochium, Tolypocladium, and Trametes are reported in African food for the first time. A total of 21 uncommon metabolites were found in cultures of the following species: andrastin A and sporogen AO1 in Aspergillus flavus; paspalin in A. brunneoviolaceus; lecanoic acid and rugulusovin in A. sydowii; sclerotin A in P. citrinum and Talaromyces siamensis; barceloneic acid, festuclavine, fumigaclavine, isochromophilons (IV, VI, and IX), ochrephilone, sclerotioramin, and sclerotiorin in P. sclerotium; epoxyagroclavine, infectopyron, methylorsellinic acid and trichodermamide C in P. steckii; moniliformin and sporogen AO1 in P. copticola; and aminodimethyloctadecanol in Tolypocladium. Twenty-four mycotoxins in addition to other 73 fungal and plant toxins were quantified in the foods. In garri, cheeseballs, popcorn and granola were 1, 6, 12, and 23 mycotoxins detected, respectively. Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 1 April 2020 | Volume 11 | Article 615 Ezekiel et al. Fungi and Mycotoxins in Ready-to-Eat FoodsDeoxynivalenol, fumonisins, moniliformin, aflatoxins and citrinin contaminated 37, 31, 31, 20, and 14% of all food samples, respectively. Overall, citrinin had the highest mean concentration of 1481 µg/kg in the foods, suggesting high citrinin exposures in the Nigerian populace. Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of the foods depend on pre-food and post-food processing practices.

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Section: Metabolites From Fusarium and Tolypocladiumcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

et al. 2020

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“…Previous studies have already optimized specific PCR assays to detect Fusarium species that are mycotoxin-producing or pathogens of maize [17,29]. However, the new taxonomic changes and/or the description of new Fusarium species of interest in relation to maize [50,51] have supposed that some of these previously described methods gave unspecific results. Therefore, in this work, we have developed and optimized new protocols to detect and identify F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. fujikuroi, F. poae, F. sporotrichioides and F. temperatum, using pure DNA or direct maize samples, and we also have modified the PCR conditions in the case of F. subglutinans to ensure the specific amplification using the primers described by Scauflaire et al (2012) [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study on the Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Their Producing Fungi during the Maize Production Cycle in Spain

et al. 2020

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Mycotoxin contamination is one of the main problems affecting corn production, due to its significant risk to human and animal health. The Fusarium and Aspergillus species are the main producers of mycotoxins in maize, infecting both pre-harvest and during storage. In this work, we evaluated the presence of mycotoxins and their producing species along maize production cycles in three different stages (anthesis, harvest, and storage) during three consecutive seasons (2016–2018). Fungal occurrences were studied using species-specific PCR protocols, whereas mycotoxin levels were determined by LC-MS/MS. Fumonisin-producing Fusarium species (F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum), as well as the aflatoxin producer Aspergillus flavus, were the most predominant species at all stages; although, during some seasons, the presence of F. graminearum and A. niger aggregate species were also identified. Contrastingly, fumonisins were the only mycotoxins detected and levels were always under legal regulations. The results presented here demonstrate that even when fungal contamination occurs at the early stages of the maize production cycle, the application of good agricultural and storage practices might be crucial to ensure mycotoxin-free grains.

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“…Fusarium species are toxigenic and pathogenic to plants or humans, and the trichothecenes and the fumonisins produced by them are the most well-known mycotoxins [ 6 ]. Fumonisins (FUMs) were first isolated from F. moniliforme in 1988 [ 7 ], and they can be produced by other Fusarium species such as F. verticillioides , F. proliferatum and F. nygamai [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decrease of Incidence Cases of Fumonisins in South Korean Feedstuff between 2011 and 2016

Park

Chang

Hong

et al. 2017

Toxins

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Several plant pathogen Fusarium species produce fumonisins (FUMs); which can end up in food and feed and; when ingested; can exhibit harmful effects on humans and livestock. Mycotoxin intoxication by fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) can cause porcine pulmonary edema; leukoencephalomalacia in equines; esophageal cancer and birth defects by natural contamination. Herein; the occurrence of FB1 and FB2 in feedstuff (compound feed and feed ingredients) was investigated between 2011 and 2016 in South Korea. A total of 535 animal feed samples (425 compound feed samples and 110 feed ingredients) produced domestically were sampled four times between 2011 and 2016 (2011; 2012; 2014 and 2016) from feed factories in South Korea. The limit of detection (LOD) for FB1 and FB2 was 20 μg/kg and 25 μg/kg; respectively; and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 30 μg/kg and 35 μg/kg; respectively. The recovery range (%) was between 86.4% and 108.8%; and the relative standard deviation (RSD) (%) was 4.7–12.1%. Seven (swine feed samples) out of the 425 feed samples exceeded the European Union (EU) and South Korea commission regulations over the six-year test period; and no feed ingredients exceeded the guidelines.

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Fusarium Species and Their Associated Mycotoxins

Cited by 201 publications

References 179 publications

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

Fungal Diversity and Mycotoxins in Low Moisture Content Ready-To-Eat Foods in Nigeria

A Comprehensive Study on the Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Their Producing Fungi during the Maize Production Cycle in Spain

A Decrease of Incidence Cases of Fumonisins in South Korean Feedstuff between 2011 and 2016

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