Fuse1 alcohols induce hyphal-like extensions and pseudohyphal formationin yeasts

Dickinson, J. Richard

doi:10.1099/13500872-142-6-1391

Cited by 107 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The effects of these aromatic alcohols on haploid adhesion and diploid filamentation are specific; i.e., butanol and isoamyl alcohol have no effect on either of these morphogenetic changes in our strain background, although in some genetic backgrounds they stimulate filamentation in haploid strains (Dickinson 1996;Lorenz et al 2000a). Moreover, only aromatic alcohols, but not butanol and isoamyl alcohol, suppress the filamention defect of aro8 aro9 mutant strains and induce the expression of FLO11 (Lorenz et al 2000a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Feedback control of morphogenesis in fungi by aromatic alcohols

Chen¹,

Fink²

2006

Genes Dev.

407

445

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Many fungi undergo a developmental transition from a unicellular yeast form to an invasive filamentous form in response to environmental cues. Here we describe a quorum signaling pathway that links environmental sensing to morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Saccharomyces cells secrete aromatic alcohols that stimulate morphogenesis by inducing the expression of FLO11 through a Tpk2p-dependent mechanism. Mutants defective in synthesis of these alcohols show reduced filamentous growth, which is partially suppressed by the addition of these aromatic alcohols. The production of these autosignaling alcohols is regulated by nitrogen: High ammonia restricts it by repressing the expression of their biosynthetic pathway, whereas nitrogen-poor conditions activate it. Moreover, the production of these aromatic alcohols is controlled by cell density and subjected to positive feedback regulation, which requires the transcription factor Aro80p. These interactions define a quorum-sensing circuit that allows Saccharomyces to respond to both cell density and the nutritional state of the environment. These same autoregulatory molecules do not evoke the morphological switch in Candida albicans, suggesting that these molecular signals are species-specific.[Keywords: Aromatic alcohols; morphogenesis; quorum sensing; fungi] Supplemental material is available at http://www.genesdev.org.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Feedback control of morphogenesis in fungi by aromatic alcohols

Chen¹,

Fink²

2006

Genes Dev.

407

445

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“…The degree of inhibition is related to environmental factors and is strain dependent. Although the effects of high gravity brewing have been extensively studied 3,5,9,19,32,40 and numerous morphological studies have been able to successfully link changes in morphology to some physiological feature of the yeast cell 1,15,21,29,30,35 , little research has been conducted on the effect of this process on yeast cell volume and the applicability of this tool in the selection of yeast strains that will successfully ferment high gravity worts in a production environment. In this study, we examined the effects of osmotic and ethanol stresses on the cell volume and viability of lager and ale yeast strains.…”

Section: -2863(9'8-32mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Osmotic Pressure and Ethanol on Yeast Viability and Morphology

Pratt

Bryce

Stewart

2003

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

104

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The selection of a brewing yeast strain with the required fermentation and recycling characteristics is critical. The yeast strain will influence the rate and extent of fermentation, the flavour characteristics and the overall quality and stability of the finished beer, and consequently, the economic viability of the brewery. Since high gravity worts can have a deleterious effect on yeast fermentation performance, it is imperative that the strain selected be suitable for this environment, which includes a capacity to withstand high osmotic pressures and elevated ethanol levels. Under controlled in vitro osmotic and ethanol induced stresses, there was a decline in mean cell volume in both lager and ale yeast strains. Whilst significant reductions in viability were observed in the lager strains, the ale strains studied were not affected. Cell surface investigations revealed shrinkage of the yeast cells and crenation of the outside envelope under both stresses, although exposure to ethanol had a more marked effect on the yeast cell surface than sorbitol-induced elevated osmotic pressure.Key words: Cell viability, cell volume, ethanol, high gravity wort, osmotic pressure. -2863(9'8-32In brewing, yeast is recycled and the fact that it is cropped and repitched into subsequent fermentations is one of the differentiating features between brewing and the production of many other alcoholic beverages including Scotch whisky 37 . Consequently, the quality of yeast cropped will not only affect the overall performance of most fermentations but also the quality and stability of the resulting beer. It is important therefore that the factors which influence yeast performance in the brewing process, and particularly in high gravity brewing, are considered, to ensure efficient fermentation and the production of a beer of a consistently high quality and stability. Breweries, the world-over, are continually seeking ways to reduce capital expenditure, labour, utilities, effluent and other operational costs and at the same time ensuring that the quality of their beers remains consistently high. As a result, many are employing the process of high gravity brewing due to its many advantages 39 . Similarly, some breweries have not implemented this process due to its disadvantages 40 . Of significance, are the deleterious effects of this process on yeast fermentation performance 41,43 . Fermentations have been reported to be sluggish due to elevated ethanol levels and high osmotic pressure, resulting in yeast viability and vitality reductions 6 . Osmotic pressure is the force that develops between two solutes of differing concentration separated by a semipermeable membrane 20 . When yeast is exposed to wort it is subjected to an osmotic pressure. Very high osmotic pressures such as those encountered in high gravity worts, may distort yeast metabolism or decrease yeast viability. The extent of the osmotic pressure will depend on the concentration of solutes surrounding the cell 20,23 . It has been shown that increases in wort osmotic pressu...

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“…Besides nitrogen starvation, other environmental stimuli (e.g. short-chain alcohols, mating pheromones) also induce filamentous growth (Dickinson, 1996;Lorenz et al, 2000;Erdman and Snyder, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic/genomic evidence for a key role of polarized endocytosis in filamentous differentiation of S. cerevisiae

Wu¹,

Jiang²

2005

Yeast

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Unicellular S. cerevisiae cells switch from the yeast form to pseudohyphal or filamentous form in response to environmental cues. We report that wild-type BY diploids (in which yeast ORFs have been systematically deleted) undergo normal HUinduced filamentous growth and discernable nitrogen starvation-induced filamentous growth, despite their perceived filamentation-deficient S288C genetic background. This finding allowed us to perform a genome-wide survey for non-essential genes that are required for filamentous growth with the homozygous deletion strains. We report that genes involved in endocytosis are required for both HU-induced and nitrogen starvation-induced filamentous growth. Surprisingly, no known genes involved in exocytosis are required. Despite the fact that polarized growth involves transport of vesicles to the site of growth, we failed to obtain genetic/genomic evidence that exocytosis plays an essential role in filamentous growth. A possible key role of polarized endocytosis (from the growth tip) is consistent with the proposed biological function of filamentous growth as a foraging behaviour. In addition, BUD8 that encodes the distal landmark in yeast-form bipolar budding is required for nitrogen starvation-induced but not HU-induced filamentous growth. Moreover, BUD5, SPA2, PEA2 and BUD6 that regulate bipolar bud site selection do not regulate the unipolar distal budding pattern in HU-induced filamentous growth.

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Fuse1 alcohols induce hyphal-like extensions and pseudohyphal formationin yeasts

Cited by 107 publications

References 17 publications

Feedback control of morphogenesis in fungi by aromatic alcohols

Feedback control of morphogenesis in fungi by aromatic alcohols

The Effects of Osmotic Pressure and Ethanol on Yeast Viability and Morphology

Genetic/genomic evidence for a key role of polarized endocytosis in filamentous differentiation of S. cerevisiae

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