Fused-Acetamide Thermal Cells

Abstract

Low‐temperature (<200°C) fused‐acetamide thermal cells, using highly porous cathodes, furnish appreciable electrical energy on discharge. The cell, Zn/2.5% normalKCl‐normalacetamide/normalAgCl ,Ag had an average discharge voltage of 0.970v (at 2.0 ma/cm2 and 100°C) for 360 min. Cathodic polarization was principally responsible for termination. Voltage regulation and uniform discharge depended to a very large degree on silver chloride electrode. Effects of charge rate and addition of small amounts of water on cell discharge were also measured.

Thermal activated (thermal) battery technology

“…They include acetamides, acetates, formates [171,172], urea [173], and mixtures thereof. They have limited thermal stability and all react with Li alloys when molten.…”

Medium decoupling of dynamics at temperatures ∼100 K above glass-transition temperature: A case study with (acetamide + lithium bromide/nitrate) melts

“…These interesting solvent properties coupled with a wide thermal window have made molten mixtures of (acetamide + electrolyte) to be used not only as reaction media in chemical industry but also as materials for electrochemical applications at elevated temperatures. 20,21 These molten mixtures (or simply, melts) are characterized by estimated glass transition temperatures (T g ) ∼190 < T g /K < 250 range, [22][23][24][25] and are termed as supercooled mixtures as they remain in the liquid phase at temperatures much below the respective melting temperatures of the constituents. This "supercooling" phenomenon and the associated importance for chemical industry have motivated much of the research on the basic scientific aspects, because developing these melts into useful dielectric materials 13,26 requires deeper understanding of medium structural and transport properties.…”

Fluorescence Spectroscopic Studies of (Acetamide + Sodium/Potassium Thiocyanates) Molten Mixtures: Composition and Temperature Dependence

“…The high dielectric constant of molten acetamide (ε 0 ≈ 60) coupled with its large dipole moment (3.7 D) makes it an even better solvent than water for many ionic compounds . Since addition of inorganic salts lowers the melting temperature of acetamide considerably, molten binary and ternary mixtures of acetamide with metal halides have been used as reaction media and also in thermal salt cells to produce electricity. , The possibility of using acetamide as a suitable medium for electrodeposition of metals from salt solutions has also been investigated . Several other aspects such as ion conductance and micellization of surfactants in molten acetamide have been studied by several authors to understand the role of the ion−solvent interactions in controlling the ion transport and self-aggregation in this medium. – …”