Fused Deposition Modeling of Poly (lactic acid)/Macadamia Composites—Thermal, Mechanical Properties and Scaffolds

Song, Xiaohui; He, Wei; Qin, Huadong; Yang, Shoufeng; Wen, Shifeng

doi:10.3390/ma13020258

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…One study concluded that a blend of polycarbonate referred to as a bio-based polycarbonate had a slightly higher strength of 65 MPa and significantly higher elastic modulus of 2100 MPa than a polycarbonate manufactured using fossil fuels with 62 MPa strength and 1500 MPa elastic modulus [ 35 ]. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and polylactic acid (PLA) are commonly used biocompatible materials with relatively high mechanical strength and stiffness among polymers, and are also manufacturable with fused deposition modeling [ 37 , 38 ]. PEEK is generally the more expensive of the two materials with an elastic modulus up to 4100 MPa, while PLA has an elastic modulus of 4400 MPa; both are the highest values among the surveyed Table 1 materials.…”

Section: Materials Capabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer 3D Printing Review: Materials, Process, and Design Strategies for Medical Applications

et al. 2021

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Polymer 3D printing is an emerging technology with recent research translating towards increased use in industry, particularly in medical fields. Polymer printing is advantageous because it enables printing low-cost functional parts with diverse properties and capabilities. Here, we provide a review of recent research advances for polymer 3D printing by investigating research related to materials, processes, and design strategies for medical applications. Research in materials has led to the development of polymers with advantageous characteristics for mechanics and biocompatibility, with tuning of mechanical properties achieved by altering printing process parameters. Suitable polymer printing processes include extrusion, resin, and powder 3D printing, which enable directed material deposition for the design of advantageous and customized architectures. Design strategies, such as hierarchical distribution of materials, enable balancing of conflicting properties, such as mechanical and biological needs for tissue scaffolds. Further medical applications reviewed include safety equipment, dental implants, and drug delivery systems, with findings suggesting a need for improved design methods to navigate the complex decision space enabled by 3D printing. Further research across these areas will lead to continued improvement of 3D-printed design performance that is essential for advancing frontiers across engineering and medicine.

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Section: Materials Capabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer 3D Printing Review: Materials, Process, and Design Strategies for Medical Applications

et al. 2021

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“… ( a ) The maximum tensile strength with fiber wt.% [ 30 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 47 , 51 , 62 ]. ( b ) the maximum tensile strength with fiber wt.% [ 36 , 37 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 63 , 64 , 66 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 72 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing FDM 3D Printing Strategies Using Natural Fibers to Produce Biomass Composite

et al. 2020

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Current environmental concerns have led to a search of more environmentally friendly manufacturing methods; thus, natural fibers have gained attention in the 3D printing industry to be used as bio-filters along with thermoplastics. The utilization of natural fibers is very convenient as they are easily available, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and biodegradable. Using natural fibers rather than synthetic fibers in the production of the 3D printing filaments will reduce gas emissions associated with the production of the synthetic fibers that would add to the current pollution problem. As a matter of fact, natural fibers have a reinforcing effect on plastics. This review analyzes how the properties of the different polymers vary when natural fibers processed to produce filaments for 3D Printing are added. The results of using natural fibers for 3D Printing are presented in this study and appeared to be satisfactory, while a few studies have reported some issues.

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“…In this context, the polymer composites that use macadamia nutshell as reinforcement have been standing out. This nut had its production and, consequently, the waste disposal, increased both in Australia and in the southwest region of Brazil 6–10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal behavior evaluation of benzoxazine reinforced withmacadamiabiomass composites

Bandeira

Costa

Montoro

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Recently, to improve the properties, reduce the amount of polymeric materials, the time of disposal in landfills and the cost of composite parts, the incorporation of vegetal biomass was considered. In this study, composites with 10% and 20% v/v of benzoxazine resins and macadamia nutshell (50#) were made via hand layup with in natura biomass and hydrothermally treated (121°C/45 min in an autoclave). Thermogravimetry indicates that the initial temperature of biomass degradation (209°C) allows it to be used with the resin (oven curing at 190°C). The enthalpies obtained from the DSC indicate that the percentage of cure increased with the biomass. FT‐IR tests indicate that the hydrothermal treatment collapsed part of the lignin and extracted lignocellulosic material. There was no significant modification of the glass transition temperature obtained in DMA and TMA with the introduction of biomass. Optical microscopy showed that the treated reinforcement showed a greater variation in size forming lumps. Based on these results, these composites can be used in the replacement of synthetic composites, contributing to a decrease in the consumption of petroleum derivatives and with this, reducing the disposal in landfills and dumps.

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Fused Deposition Modeling of Poly (lactic acid)/Macadamia Composites—Thermal, Mechanical Properties and Scaffolds

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Polymer 3D Printing Review: Materials, Process, and Design Strategies for Medical Applications

Polymer 3D Printing Review: Materials, Process, and Design Strategies for Medical Applications

Implementing FDM 3D Printing Strategies Using Natural Fibers to Produce Biomass Composite

Thermal behavior evaluation of benzoxazine reinforced withmacadamiabiomass composites

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