Fused filament fabrication: A comprehensive review

Kumar, Sudhir; Singh, Rupinder; Singh, T. P.; Batish, Ajay

doi:10.1177/0892705720970629

Cited by 57 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…Therefore, various research groups have used composites of polymers in which they have reinforced foreign particles of metal, non-metal, ceramics, polymeric fiber, natural fibers, nanopowders, etc. to obtain extensive mechanical properties [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Laminated Object Manufactured FDM-Printed ABS/TPU Multimaterial Specimens: An Insight into Mechanical and Morphological Characteristics

Kumar¹,

Singh²,

Koloor

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing of commercial and reinforced filaments is a proven and well-explored method for the enhancement of mechanical properties. However, little has hitherto been reported on the multi-material components, fused or laminated together into a single specimen by using the laminated object manufacturing (LOM) technique for sustainable/renewable polymers. TPU is one such durable and flexible, sustainable material exhibiting renewable and biocompatible properties that have been explored very less often in combination with the ABS polymer matrix in a single specimen, such as the LOM specimen. The current research work presents the LOM manufacturing of 3D-printed flexural specimens of two different, widely used polymers available viz. ABS and TPU and tested as per ASTM D790 standards. The specimens were made and laminated in three layers. They were grouped into two categories, namely ABS: TPU: ABS (ATA) and TPU: ABS: TPU (TAT), which are functionally graded, sandwiched structures of polymeric material. The investigation of the flexural properties, microscopic imaging, and porosity characteristics of the specimens was made for the above categories. The results of the study suggest that ATA-based samples held larger flexural strength than TAT laminated manufactured samples. A significant improvement in the peak elongation and break elongation of the samples was achieved and has shown a 187% increase in the break elongation. Similarly, for the TAT-based specimen, flexural strength was improved significantly from approximately 6.8 MPa to 13 MPa, which represents a nearly 92% increase in the flexural strength. The morphological testing using Tool Maker’s microscopic analysis and porosity analysis has supported the observed trends of mechanical behavior of ATA and TAT samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Laminated Object Manufactured FDM-Printed ABS/TPU Multimaterial Specimens: An Insight into Mechanical and Morphological Characteristics

Kumar¹,

Singh²,

Koloor

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…5 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Poly-lactic acid (PLA) are two of the most common materials used in AM, particularly fused deposition modelling (FDM), recently denoted by fused filament fabrication (FFF). 6 ABS and PLA have been widely used in 3D prototyping application due to their easy formability into plastic filaments. However, the two materials vary in their source and properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of loading rates on the in-plane compressive properties of additively manufactured ABS and PLA-based hexagonal honeycomb structures

Joseph

Mahesh

2021

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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Honeycomb structures find numerous applications in automotive, aerospace, sports, and other similar engineering fields. Such incorporation is made possible by the excellent crushing resistance and specific energy absorption capabilities. However, manufacturing such structures through conventional processes is highly laborious and expensive. Such a drawback can be largely mitigated by the adoption of additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Consequently, in this study, hexagonal honeycomb structures are subjected to experimental tests to determine their compressive strength under different loading rates. In addition to this, attempts have also been made to evaluate the effect of different materials and the unit cell dimensions on the compressive properties. The test specimens of different wall thicknesses are manufactured by fused deposition modelling (FDM) using PLA and ABS as the base materials. The samples are then subjected to compressive tests using a standard UTM to quantify the effect of the cell geometrical parameters and the loading rate on the overall compressive nature of the structures. The results show that the compression properties are primarily affected by the loading rate, material properties and the cell-wall thickness of the structures. The initial compressive yield stress and plateau stress generally increase up to a given value of loading rate, after which the strength decline. The cell-wall thickness of the structure influences the threshold loading rate. Therefore, this study provides a preliminary understanding of the compressive properties of AM hexagonal honeycomb structures to analyse the prospects for application in real-world engineering applications. It is proposed that such structures find profound applications in structural components of aerospace equipment, automotive parts, sports gear, and other similar areas of interest where high strength and energy absorption are of predominant importance.

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“…Common materials processed by this technique are thermoplastics, such as PLA (polylactic acid) [ 104 , 105 ] and ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) [ 106 ]. In addition, there are also some studies focusing on printing other kinds of polymers, such as PA (polyamide), PP (polypropylene), PC (polycarbonate) and PE (polyethene) [ 107 ]. However, the use of different kinds of thermoplastic materials with different melting temperatures requires the definition of the optimal printing parameters that need to be determined for each polymer.…”

Section: Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Deposition Modelling of Polymeric Auxetic Structures: A Review

et al. 2023

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques have recently attracted the attention of scientists for the development of prototypes with complex or particular geometry in a fast and cheap way. Among the different AM processes, the Fused Deposition Modelling process (FDM) offers several advantages in terms of costs, implementation features and design freedom. Recently, it has been adopted to realise auxetic structures, which are characterised by negative Poisson ratio, enhanced mechanical properties, and a higher compression resistance than conventional structures. This review outlines the use of AM processes, in particular FDM, to design and obtain auxetic structures, with the final aim to exploit their applications in different fields. The first part of this work presents a brief classification of auxetic structures and materials. Subsequently, a summary of additive manufacturing processes is presented, focusing on the use of FDM and its limitations. Finally, the studies on the use of additive manufacturing to produce auxetic structures are shown, evidencing the potential of the concurrent combination of a fast prototyping technique such as FDM and the characteristics of polymer- and/or composite-based auxetic structures. Indeed, this new technological field opens the possibility of realising novel structures with integrated smart behaviour, multifunctional properties, compression resistance, and a tailored microstructure and shape.

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Fused filament fabrication: A comprehensive review

Cited by 57 publications

References 105 publications

On Laminated Object Manufactured FDM-Printed ABS/TPU Multimaterial Specimens: An Insight into Mechanical and Morphological Characteristics

On Laminated Object Manufactured FDM-Printed ABS/TPU Multimaterial Specimens: An Insight into Mechanical and Morphological Characteristics

Effect of loading rates on the in-plane compressive properties of additively manufactured ABS and PLA-based hexagonal honeycomb structures

Fused Deposition Modelling of Polymeric Auxetic Structures: A Review

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