Fused kaolin and its properties

Pitak, N. V.; Shulyak, R. S.; Zhukova, Z. D.; Khmelenko, T. P.; Fedoruk, R. M.

doi:10.1007/bf01319659

Refractories

1977

DOI: 10.1007/bf01319659

|View full text |Cite

Fused kaolin and its properties

N. V. Pitak

R. S. Shulyak

Z. D. Zhukova

et al.

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...

Citation Types

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Year Published

1980

1997

Publication Types

Select...

Article5

Relationship

Self Cite4

Independent1

Authors

Journals

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The highest wetting angles were obtained for the bakor refractories and the lowest for the fused-kaolin chamotte [16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Refractories for lining large-capacity blast furnaces

Pitak

Starshinov

1982

Refractories

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Refractories are an important design material in the construction of blast furnaces.In analyzing the resistance of refractories in the lining of blast furnaces it is necessary to take into account not only the quality of the articles but also the design features of the lining and its exploitational conditions.In such an approach we can discover the objective factors causing the destruction of the lining and can select the best ~ays of improving its resistance.In the current Five-Year Period and up to 1990, the construction of blast furnaces of a volume of 3200 to 5000 m 3 or more is planned.It is well kno~n that the life of the linings of different sections of the blast furnaces varies over wide limits.The life of the linings of the shaft and bosh parallel is between 2 and 12.5 years with an average of 5.2-5.4 years, while the life of the refractories in the hearth and hearth bottom is 5 to 22 years with an average of 14-17 years.Therefore, in the next few years it is necessary to concentrate attention on prolonging the life of the linings of those sections of the furnace which show intensive damage.In the case of the linings of the shaft and bosh parallel, dense and high-density chamotte refractories are normally used.In some cases the bosh, bosh parallel, and shaft are lined with silicon carbide refractories in nitride and oxynitride binders, mullite, corundum, corundum--chromite, spinel, semigraphite, and other products.During service the most rapidly damaged sections of the refractory lining of blast furnaces are the cooled regions of the shaft, bosh parallels, and bosh, the tuyere zone, the regions of tile iron notches, and the upper part of the hearth bottom.The uncooled region of the shaft in most cases is lined with a compacted chamotte refractory with a porosity <17%.This part of the lining, of course, is little corroded and is not always replaced during the major overhaul of category II blast furnaces.The cooled region of the shaft, bosh parallel, and boshes are lined with dense chamotte refractories with a mass fraction of 39-42% A1203.The most intense damage to the refractory lining of the shaft is found in the region of the lower rows of coolers. Therefore in the lower part of the shaft, bcsh parallel, and boshes, dense kaolin articles with a porosity of 8-12% are used; the latter are produced at the Chasov-Yarsk Refractory Combine.Blast furnaces are operated over practically the whole period with the same fittings in the bosh parallel, the cooled part of the shaft, and the boshes.The tuyere zone is lined with chamotte or sometimes with mullite or mullite--corundum refractories.To line the well, carbonaceous blocks mainly are used, and in the openings of the iron notches, dense chamotte, mullite, or mullite--alumina refractories and sometimes carbonaceous.The upper part of the hearth bottom is made in the form of a combined lining of carbonaceous m~d mullite blocks, or only carbonaceous blocks.The damage to the lining in this region of the furnace occurs because a new surface appears on the blocks as...

show abstract

“…The highest wetting angles were obtained for the bakor refractories and the lowest for the fused-kaolin chamotte [16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Refractories for lining large-capacity blast furnaces

Pitak

Starshinov

1982

Refractories

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At 1400~ the erosion rate of the ShPD-41 products due to the action of slag amounts to 0.4 g/(cm2.h) whereas in the case of silicon carbide refractories, no signs of destruction are observed.The alkali resistance of the silicon carbide refractories produced using a silicon oxynitride binder is 5-10 times greater that of the dense chamotte refractories [5]. Under the action of hydrogen atmosphere on the lining, silicon oxynitride decomposes at 1580~ to form SisN4, Si, and volatile silicon monoxide.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of silicon carbide refractories to the action of carbon monoxide, alkalis, and slag

et al. 1988

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The service life of the lining of the blast furnace stacks (shafts) can be increased by using stable refractories, improving the service conditions, and perfecting the design of the lining.A number of foreign plants are successfully using silicon carbide refractories for lining blast furnaces [1][2][3], in a particular, in the lower and the central parts of the stac~ in the bosh extension (parallel) and the bosh regions, and in the zone of tuyeres, i.e., in the zones where the lining experiences intense action of the blast furnace slags, alkalis, and gaseous atmosphere.It was established [4] that chamotte refractories undergo rapid destruction under these conditions. At 1400~ the erosion rate of the ShPD-41 products due to the action of slag amounts to 0.4 g/(cm2.h) whereas in the case of silicon carbide refractories, no signs of destruction are observed.The alkali resistance of the silicon carbide refractories produced using a silicon oxynitride binder is 5-10 times greater that of the dense chamotte refractories [5]. Under the action of hydrogen atmosphere on the lining, silicon oxynitride decomposes at 1580~ to form SisN4, Si, and volatile silicon monoxide. In view of this, silicon nitride-bonded silicon carbide products are more promising.In the lower part of the stack, bosh extension, the bosh, and in the tuyere zone, the lining is subjected to the action of the gases (CO, C02, 02, C12, F2, and H2), salts, and various silicates ~esides the action of slags and alkalis).Their interaction with the silicon carbide refractories can lead to the formation of SiO, SIC14, CH4, SiH4, SiF4, silicides (FeSi, CaSi), silicates (Na2Si0s, K2Si03), and other compounds [6][7][8]. The reducing gases (CO and H2) cause intense destruction of the refractories.This paper deals with a study of the resistance of silicon carbide and nitride to the action of alkalis and slag.The tests were carried out in carbon monoxide atmosphere at a partial pressure of oxygen P02 = 10-12 MPa.The raw materials included SiC and Si3N4 powders and the refractories based on them. Interaction of SiC and SisN4 with the alkalis was carried out in the following way. A homogeneous mixture consisting of 80% SiC or Si3N4 powders and 20% alkalis (75% K2C03 + 25% Na2C03) was prepared in advance.In another case~ similar mixtures were prepared with an addition of 20% slag consisting of 24.2% Si02, 8~ A1203, 2.41% Fe203, 12.96% Fe0, 60% CaO, 2.52% MgO, 1.54% S02, 0.5% K20 and 0.39% Na20. Carefully blended mixtures or pure powders were poured into a crucible which was placed in a hermetically sealed refractory container that is partially filled with petroleum coke. The container was introduced into a reverberatory furnace and was heated up to the desired temperatures (1200, 1400, and 1500~ Figure la shows the experimental results.In CO atmosphere having P0= = i0-~2 MPa, the quantity of SiC in the mixture containing alkalis decreases as compared to that in the original mixture only at 1200~ (see Fig. la, curve I) which can be attributed to the occurance of the reacti...

show abstract

“…Under the action of alkalies more resistance is shown by the silicon carbide refractories with a bond of silicon oxynitride, and in conditions of enhanced attack from hydrogen-silicon carbide refractories with a silicon nitride bond [12]. Silicon carbide refractories with an addition of 20% carbon possess about I0 times greater strength (150 N/nm~ 2) than carbon, and have a high resistance tO oxidation [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation characteristics of silicon carbide and chamotte refractories

et al. 1989

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.

Contact Info

customersupport@researchsolutions.com

10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614

Henderson, NV 89052, USA

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.

Blog Terms and Conditions API Terms Privacy Policy Contact Cookie Preferences Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information

Made with 💙 for researchers

Part of the Research Solutions Family.

Fused kaolin and its properties

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Refractories for lining large-capacity blast furnaces

Refractories for lining large-capacity blast furnaces

Resistance of silicon carbide refractories to the action of carbon monoxide, alkalis, and slag

Deformation characteristics of silicon carbide and chamotte refractories

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About