Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in women worldwide. According to the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer, it accounts for 25.1% of all cancer cases in women. Intracystic breast cancer is one of the most rare and difficult to diagnose forms of this disease. Due to this improving existing methods of breast cancer diagnosis and developing new ways for the early detection of this pathology are of great importance. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of new methods for breast cancer diagnosis – an improved technique of puncture–needle biopsy under ultrasound control and a hybrid technology for assessing the local metabolism of mammary tumors. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of examining 67 female patients with intracystic breast cancer using the traditional technique of puncture-needle biopsy and a new method of cytological diagnosis of this disease. The article presents the pilot results of using the hybrid technology for evaluating local metabolism of mammary gland tumors in 22 patients with suspected breast cancer to clarify the diagnosis and assess the prognosis using optical diagnostic methods: fluorescence spectroscopy (at wavelengths of fluorescence excitation of 365 and 450 nm) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (with a source of polychromatic radiation). Results. The sensitivity of puncture-needle biopsy performed according to the traditional method in the diagnosis of intracystic breast cancer was 81.8%, and the sensitivity of the improved method was 97.06% (p < 0.05). To asses reliably the effectiveness of the hybrid technology for determining the local metabolism of tumors in the diagnosis of breast cancer, examination of a larger number of patients is required. Among the patients examined using the optical diagnostic methods, the following data were obtained: the redox index in the tumor was 0.67±0.10 relative units, in the surrounding tissue – 0.77±0.14, tissue saturation in the tumor – 64±14%, in the surrounding tissue – 68±9%. Two cases of breast cancer in patients prior to the start of treatment and after 6 courses of neoadjuvant polychemotherapy are considered separately. The following data were obtained: the redox index in the tumor in the patient without treatment was 0.53± 0.01 relative units, in the patient after 6 courses of neoadjuvant therapy – 0.81±0.01 relative units; the value of tissue saturation in the tumor in the patient without treatment – 71±1%, in the patient after 6 courses of neoadjuvant therapy – 64± 2%. To asses reliably the effectiveness of the hybrid technology for determining the local metabolism of tumors in the diagnosis of breast cancer and to have the opportunity to assess the prognosis for the disease course, examination of a larger number of patients is required. Conclusions. A new method of cytological diagnosis of cancer in a breast cyst using ozone-oxygen mixture proved to be more effective than the traditional method, which proves the expediency of its use in order to improve the diagnosis of this pathology at the preoperative stage. To solve the question of the expediency of using the technique of spectrophotometry of tumor tissues in patients with breast cancer in order to assess the effectiveness of chemotherapy, a larger number of women under examination and a period of their follow-up for 3–5 years are required.
