Fusion of conjugated bicyclic co-polymer within polymeric carbon nitride for high photocatalytic performance

Hayat, Asif; Raziq, Fazal; Khan, Muhammad Saleem; Khan, Javid; Mane, Sunil Kumar Baburao; Ahmad, Akhlaq; Rahman, Mati Ur; Khan, Wasim Ullah

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.048

Cited by 69 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In response to this problem, other high‐temperature dielectric materials have been developed, such as polyethylene naphthalate, 7 polyphenylene sulfide, 8 poly(ethylene terephthalate), 8 and polyimide 9 . Another important type of commercial capacitor is multilayer ceramic capacitors, in which the mainstream dielectric material is BaTiO 3 10 or doped BaTiO 3 11 ceramics. Compared with capacitors made of bulk ceramics, MLCC has high capacitance, small size, high reliability, excellent high frequency characteristics, and high anti‐breakdown electric field value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: A concise review on the elastomeric behavior of electroactive polymer materials

Khan

Hayat

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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In recent 20 years, electronic equipment has been developing rapidly in the direction of light, miniaturization, flexibility, and integration. It is urgent to meet the needs of matching energy supply system to solve the practical application requirements in the fields of intelligent communication and mobile medical treatment. Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are recommendable material for manifesting muscle-like actuation. The dielectric elastomers (DEs) obtained from the EAPs are quite capable of inducing electrical energy and transmute it into mechanical energy. DEs are capacitors covered by an outer elastic membrane, sandwiched between the two docile electrodes. In the beginning, for getting the efficient responses out of the DE actuators, the material requirements and electromechanical principal are applied. Viscoelastic damping, low dielectric loss, stretch ability, and dielectric permittivity are the desirable characteristics that we are expecting in a polymer. In the current research, we are going to adopt the sequential approach by describing the advances, challenges, and applications of DEAs in the coming future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: A concise review on the elastomeric behavior of electroactive polymer materials

Khan

Hayat

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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“…Copolymerization is a standard technique through which we design the conjugation of PCN by fusing with well-known organic monomers in its framework through organic protocols. [20] This result elevates the light absorption phenomena of PCN and optimizes its π-dislocation system. [21] Similarly, these aromatic conjugated monomers incorporated into the skeleton of PCN modify the electronic texture, structure, and surface phenomena, therefore modifying the photocatalytic activities of PCN [22] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Organic Conjugation of Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Improved Photocatalytic CO₂ Conversion and H₂ Fixation

et al. 2021

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The systematic alteration of a carbon nitride unit (CNU) for visible light photocatalytic water splitting is a promising research subject owing to the increasingly serious energy and environmental complications. Herein, the conjugated monomer 3,6‐dibromopyridazine (DBP) is integrated within polymeric carbon nitride (PCN named as CNU = carbon nitride containing urea precursor) via thermal condensation, which is designated as CNU‐DBP. These samples are used for the first time in the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 reduction and hydrogen (H2) evolution through water splitting. Such integration intimidates the electron density, promoting charge transfer separation and elevating the photocatalytic activity of CNU under visible light illumination. The superior sample such as CNU‐DBP9.0 after 4 h of photooxidation generates 65.7 μmol of CO and 17.3 μmol of H2 of the reaction system, emphasizing the highest photocatalytic activity. The H2 evolution rate (HER) for pristine CNU is found as 11.9 μmol h−1, whereas for CNU‐DBP9.0 it is estimated at 178.2 μmol h−1 with 15 times greater activity. This process predicts a significant diversion in the specific area, bandgap, and chemical composition and promotes the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers from the ground state to the excited state of CNU, thereby considering it a best candidate for the photoreduction of CO2 source and water splitting into H2.

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“…Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) has a unique 2D and tunable electronic structure with a conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) of −1.1 and 1.6 eV and an energy band gap of 2.7 eV 5–7 . This material has attracted the attention of scientists because of its unique and interesting physicochemical properties 8–10 . Due to fast recombination of electron–hole pairs and its moderate band gap, low conductivity limits its electrochemical and electronic applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But it can become an efficient catalyst, combined with another semiconductor such as g‐CN. α‐Fe 2 O 3 provides a hierarchical structure, which enhances the impact of photocatalysis efficiency 3,9,28 . The hierarchical structure increases the composite surface area for better absorption of light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneous iron‐doped carbon‐nitride‐based organo‐catalysts for sensational photocatalytic performance driven by visible light

Arif

Uddin

Hayat

et al. 2021

Polymer International

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In this study, Fe2O3/graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) composites were fabricated using a simple calcination method. Iron chloride and urea were used as starting precursors for preparation of heterojunction composites (Fe2O3/g‐CN) by a quick stirring and calcination method. A sequence of Fe2O3/g‐CN composites were obtained by putting a specific amount of Fe2O3 on the surface of g‐CN at varied temperature (400, 450 and 500 °C). We accomplished a combined analysis using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), elemental analysis spectra (EAS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and photoluminescence spectra (Pl) of resulting samples. Our findings demonstrate that Fe/CNx composites demonstrating a significant improvement in the separation of photogenerated carriers and hole formation, leading towards momentous photocatalytic activity. For the first time, the as‐synthesized composites were used for hydrogen production (water reduction) and methylene blue photodegradation under visible light illumination (λ = 420 nm). The superior sample Fe/CN450 exhibits an exceptional photocatalytic efficiency in both electron generation (hydrogen evolution rate) and hole formation (photodegradation) with a rate of 91.1% at 180 min. Along with this, Fe/CN450 has excellent photochemical stability in hydrogen evolution and pollutant removal. The potential photocatalytic mechanism of Fe/CN450 composite is compared with experimental results to characterize the photocatalytic phenomenon as a whole. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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Fusion of conjugated bicyclic co-polymer within polymeric carbon nitride for high photocatalytic performance

Cited by 69 publications

References 51 publications

Retracted: A concise review on the elastomeric behavior of electroactive polymer materials

Retracted: A concise review on the elastomeric behavior of electroactive polymer materials

Organic Conjugation of Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Improved Photocatalytic CO₂ Conversion and H₂ Fixation

Homogeneous iron‐doped carbon‐nitride‐based organo‐catalysts for sensational photocatalytic performance driven by visible light

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Fusion of conjugated bicyclic co-polymer within polymeric carbon nitride for high photocatalytic performance

Cited by 69 publications

References 51 publications

Retracted: A concise review on the elastomeric behavior of electroactive polymer materials

Retracted: A concise review on the elastomeric behavior of electroactive polymer materials

Organic Conjugation of Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Improved Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion and H2 Fixation

Homogeneous iron‐doped carbon‐nitride‐based organo‐catalysts for sensational photocatalytic performance driven by visible light

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Organic Conjugation of Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Improved Photocatalytic CO₂ Conversion and H₂ Fixation