Futilecare: a conceptanalysis with WalkerandAvant’s approach

Abstract

Introduction: Judging about continuing or lack of continuing the process of caretaking for some patients the end of their lives has led to the emergence of a new concept as 'futile care' in medicine. Making decision about what kind of caring is entitled as futile care requires the presentation of a clear definition of such caretaking. Hence, with regard to so many ambiguities in this realm, the researcher decided to invest on analysing the concept of futile care. Method: The analysis in this research was carried out through Walker and Avant method. The review over the available literature was carried out by searching the databases of SCOPUS, PUBMED, PROQUEST SCIENCE, ISC, IRANDOC,and MAGIRAN by using the phrases of Infectively Care، Futile Care, Infectively Care، Futility in during 1992-2012. Results: In reviewing the studies, 119 English and 1 Persian title were obtained in initial search which were reduced to 30 papers after going over the headings. Based on the literature review include the lack of good care, medical care consistent with the goals of the back not help patient care that don't improves the quality of life of patients under the care been futile. Conclusion: It seems that this study has been somehow able to aide us in clarifying the concept of futile care in our culture. Futile care consists giving clinical cares irrelevant to a nurse's job and giving cares through which the return of patient would be impossible both physiologically and qualitatively.

Causes of futile care from the perspective of intensive care unit nurses (I.C.U): qualitative content analysis

“…According to the results of other studies, one of the reasons for physicians' unwillingness to remove futile care is the desire to satisfy the patient's family (31,32). In the study of Bahramnejad et al ( 2019) who have defined and clarified the concept of futile care, they named some reasons such as unclear mental, psychological and biological dimensions of individuals, the existence of ethical issues, respect for maintaining the patient's independence in decision making [34].…”

“…Also, the most common reason for futile care in terms of legal issues was the lack of national laws or unity of procedure regarding hospitalization and treatment of dying patients [11]. In the study of Bahramnejad et al (2019), the lack of clear instructions about futile care and what care is called futile, and the lack of a boundary between futile and fruitful care were mentioned [34]. Jox et al (2012) also believe that the lack of explicit instructions for nurses regarding futile care is one of the main problems of nurses when they face such care [35].…”

“…Many participants also felt that physicians were the driving force behind futile care, especially when there was disagreement among team members about the futility of care. Bahramnejad et al (2019) in their study also mentioned the fear of legal pressures, unrealistic expectations of the family from clinical caregivers, the physician's fear of distrust of the family, and the fact that the family does not want to follow the patient's offer of no treatment as reasons for providing futile care [34]. The results of Courteright et al 's showed that while there is no history of suing the health care team for not doing futile CPR, the fear of litigation is the reason for continuing CPR despite the belief that it is not fruitful [37].…”

The clarification of the concept of colostomy nursing care in ostomy care centers: A concept analysis through Walker and Avant’s method

“…[ 34 ] This method can be used to clarify a concept through its simplification. [ 35 ] The eight steps of this method are the selection of a concept, determination of the aims or purposes of analysis, identification of all uses of the concept, determination of its defining attributes, construction of a model case, construction of borderline, related, and contrary cases, identification of antecedents and consequences, and definition of empirical referents. [ 36 ] During data analysis, excerpts from the data that were relevant to the concept of CNC in OCCs were identified and coded, and thereby, the defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concepts were determined and model, borderline, related, and contrary cases and empirical referents were presented.…”

Concept Analysis of Futile Care in the Oncology Nursing: A Hybrid Model

“…Professional groups have presented different meanings for futile care. The most critical problem of them is that they tried to use quantitative indexes for determination of futile care while there is no unified and clear definition for this concept, especially in oncology nursing [7], [8].…”