Future Automotive GNSS Positioning in Urban Scenarios

Escher, Martin; Stanisak, Mirko; Bestmann, Ulf

doi:10.33012/2016.13459

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…where the transmitted symbols x are multiplied by the fading gain r and the result is added with the Gaussian noise samples z. Reception conditions can be divided into two cases in this work: (1) open-sky areas where r is constant and (2) urban areas where r follows a composite distribution in the LMS model.…”

Section: Transmitter and Receivermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, GNSS was designed to provide navigation data messages for user terminals in open-sky areas where the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is usually used for modeling the transmission channel. Nowadays, the dramatically growing market for location-based services has triggered increased demand for GNSS in adverse environments such as urban areas [1][2][3]. However, shadowing and multipath effects caused by buildings and other obstacles that block the lines of sight (LOS) signals, along with the Doppler spread caused by terminal movement, makes the propagation characterization of urban channels differ markedly from AWGN channels [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decoding Performance Analysis of GNSS Messages with Land Mobile Satellite Channel in Urban Environment

Jin

Wang

et al. 2018

Electronics

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Demand for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications in the urban environment has experienced a remarkable growth in recent years. However, the received signals are subjected to various urban channel impairments, like shadowing and multipath fading. Therefore, the decoding performance is different from that in open-sky conditions. In this paper, a two-state Land Mobile Satellite (LMS) channel based on the Markov process is used to model the urban channel properties, and then, the analysis of decoding performance in terms of frame error rate (FER) in the LMS channel is performed by evaluating the effect of three major influencing factors, specifically, coding and interleaving in the GNSS message, terminal speed, and satellite elevation angle. Extensive simulations are conducted on BDS-3 B1C B-CNAV1 message and GALILEO E5a F/NAV message. The results validate the excellent error correcting performance of the nonbinary low density parity check (NB-LDPC) code of the B-CNAV1 message and the effectiveness of interleaving in both of the messages in urban condition. Furthermore, it also shows that decoding performance improvement can be achieved with higher terminal speed and higher elevation angle in urban scenarios.

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Section: Transmitter and Receivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding Performance Analysis of GNSS Messages with Land Mobile Satellite Channel in Urban Environment

Jin

Wang

et al. 2018

Electronics

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“…The paper concludes that to achieve sub-meter accuracy, a hybrid multisensor approach is necessary with mass-market receivers. Multiple challenges that future automotive GNSS positioning could face in urban areas are listed; performance improvement with multi-GNSS dataset is shown (Escher et al, 2016). The use of data gathered in an urban surrounding with software-defined radio (SDR) technology allows improvement to the system's performance (Cristodaro et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of GNSS receiver clock modelling in urban navigation using geodetic and high-sensitivity receivers

Jain

Schön

2021

J. Navigation

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In urban areas, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can lead to position errors of tens of meters due to signal obstruction and severe multipath effects. In cases of 3D-positioning, the vertical coordinate is estimated less accurately than are the horizontal coordinates. Multisensor systems can enhance navigation performance in terms of accuracy, availability, continuity and integrity. However, the addition of multiple sensors increases the system cost, and thereby the applicability to low-cost applications is limited. By using the concept of receiver clock modelling (RCM), the position estimation can be made more robust; the use of high-sensitivity (HS) GNSS receivers can improve the system availability and continuity. This paper investigates the integration of a low-cost HS GNSS receiver with an external clock in urban conditions; subsequently, the gain in the navigation performance is evaluated. GNSS kinematic data is recorded in an urban environment with multiple geodetic-grade and HS receivers. The external clock stability information is incorporated through the process noise matrix in a Kalman filter when estimating the position, velocity and time states. Results shows that the improvement in the precision of the height component and vertical velocity with both receivers is about 70% with RCM compared with the estimates obtained without applying RCM. Pertaining accuracy, the improvement in height with RCM is found to be about 70% and 50% with geodetic and HS receivers, respectively. In terms of availability, the HS receiver delivers an 100% output compared with a geodetic receiver, which provides an output 99⋅4% of the total experiment duration.

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“…A RTK fixed solution is available at 50% of the time with a probability of continuity loss of 0.54 compared to 98% availability with a continuity loss probability of 0.045 for standard code phase positioning [ 18 ]. Different challenges with GNSS positioning in urban areas are explained; the performance improvement with multi-GNSS constellations has been demonstrated with both simulated and real data [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of GNSS Carrier Phase Data on a Moving Zero-Baseline in Urban and Aerial Navigation

Ruwisch

Jain

Schön

2020

Sensors

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We present analyses of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier phase observations in multiple kinematic scenarios for different receiver types. Multi-GNSS observations are recorded on high sensitivity and geodetic-grade receivers operating on a moving zero-baseline by conducting terrestrial urban and aerial flight experiments. The captured data is post-processed; carrier phase residuals are computed using the double difference (DD) concept. The estimated noise levels of carrier phases are analysed with respect to different parameters. We find DD noise levels for L1 carrier phase observations in the range of 1.4–2 mm (GPS, Global Positioning System), 2.8–4.6 mm (GLONASS, Global Navigation Satellite System), and 1.5–1.7 mm (Galileo) for geodetic receiver pairs. The noise level for high sensitivity receivers is at least higher by a factor of 2. For satellites elevating above 30 ∘ , the dominant noise process is white phase noise. For the flight experiment, the elevation dependency of the noise is well described by the exponential model, while for the terrestrial urban experiment, multipath and diffraction effects overlay; hence no elevation dependency is found. For both experiments, a carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N 0 ) dependency for carrier phase DDs of GPS and Galileo is clearly visible with geodetic-grade receivers. In addition, C/N 0 dependency is also visible for carrier phase DDs of GLONASS with geodetic-grade receivers for the terrestrial urban experiment.

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Future Automotive GNSS Positioning in Urban Scenarios

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Decoding Performance Analysis of GNSS Messages with Land Mobile Satellite Channel in Urban Environment

Decoding Performance Analysis of GNSS Messages with Land Mobile Satellite Channel in Urban Environment

Performance evaluation of GNSS receiver clock modelling in urban navigation using geodetic and high-sensitivity receivers

Characterisation of GNSS Carrier Phase Data on a Moving Zero-Baseline in Urban and Aerial Navigation

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