Future fuel cell and internal combustion engine automobile technologies: A 25-year life cycle and fleet impact assessment

Schäfer, Andreas; Heywood, John B.; Weiss, Malcolm A.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2005.09.011

Cited by 135 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several studies have been conducted for different geographic regions and time horizons e.g. by Edwards et al (2007), Choudhury et al (2002), Mizuho (2004), Schäfer et al (2006) and Baba and Ishitani (2003). Exemplary results are presented in Fig.…”

Section: Life-cycle Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

Uherek¹,

Halenka²,

Borken‐Kleefeld³

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

311

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tEmissions from land transport, and from road transport in particular, have significant impacts on the atmosphere and on climate change. This assessment gives an overview of past, present and future emissions from land transport, of their impacts on the atmospheric composition and air quality, on human health and climate change and on options for mitigation.In the past vehicle exhaust emission control has successfully reduced emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and particulate matter. This contributed to improved air quality and reduced health impacts in industrialised countries. In developing countries however, pollutant emissions have been growing strongly, adversely affecting many populations. In addition, ozone and particulate matter change the radiative balance and hence contribute to global warming on shorter time scales. Latest knowledge on the magnitude of land transport's impact on global warming is reviewed here.In the future, road transport's emissions of these pollutants are expected to stagnate and then decrease globally. This will then help to improve the air quality notably in developing countries. On the contrary, emissions of carbon dioxide and of halocarbons from mobile air conditioners have been globally increasing and are further expected to grow. Consequently, road transport's impact on climate is gaining in importance. The expected efficiency improvements of vehicles and the introduction of biofuels will not be sufficient to offset the expected strong growth in both, passenger and freight transportation. Technical measures could offer a significant reduction potential, but strong interventions would be needed as markets do not initiate the necessary changes. Further reductions would need a resolute expansion of low-carbon fuels, a tripling of vehicle fuel efficiency and a stagnation in absolute transport volumes. Land transport will remain a key sector in climate change mitigation during the next decades.

show abstract

Section: Life-cycle Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up-and downstream processes for building and disposal of the vehicle are rarely taken into account. They become however more important with increase of lightweight design, the use of alternative powertrains and low-carbon fuels (Schäfer et al, 2006).…”

Section: Life-cycle Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

Uherek¹,

Halenka²,

Borken‐Kleefeld³

et al. 2010

Atmospheric Environment

311

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although studies exist in the literature those present emissions inventories associated with different types of automobiles [1][2][3], distinct technologies and energies [4][5] [6] or various stages of their life cycles [7][8] [9], they cannot be used to compare the environmental impact of the complete life cycle of two vehicles. This is because there is no valid emissions inventory for all types of automobiles that covers all the stages of their life cycles, often referred to as the cradle to grave approach.…”

Section: Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the use stage of a vehicle may represent between 46% and 76% of the total energy consumed during its life cycle, and in spite of the fact that between 67% and 74% of greenhouse gas emissions 1 are generated during its use, depending on engine type (varying from hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles to internal combustion fueled with gasoline) [7], the manufacturing and end-of-life stages cannot be left out of the analysis, and have to be taken into account in the life cycle assessment (LCA). Since a vehicle's fundamental impact can be expressed in terms of emissions and energy consumption, the term "emissions" has been chosen to address the matter.…”

Section: Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As various studies have pointed out [14][15][16] [17], from a brief examination of an automobile's life cycle, it can be concluded that the use stage has a negative environmental impact, mainly due to the energy consumed in this stage, which is far greater than the amount consumed in other stages, even in the socalled low fuel-consumption vehicles [7].…”

Section: Environmental Impact Of An Automobilementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

An integrated method to calculate an automobile's emissions throughout its life cycle

Viñoles-Cebolla

Ceca

Capuz-Rizo

2015

Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metal–Organic Frameworks and Metal–Organic Gels for Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Structural and Compositional Considerations

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasing demand for sustainable and clean energy is calling for the next‐generation energy conversion and storage technologies such as fuel cells, water electrolyzers, CO2/N2 reduction electrolyzers, metal–air batteries, etc. All these electrochemical processes involve oxygen electrocatalysis. Boosting the intrinsic activity and the active‐site density through rational design of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal–organic gels (MOGs) as precursors represents a new approach toward improving oxygen electrocatalysis efficiency. MOFs/MOGs afford a broad selection of combinations between metal nodes and organic linkers and are known to produce electrocatalysts with high surface areas, variable porosity, and excellent activity after pyrolysis. Some recent studies on MOFs/MOGs for oxygen electrocatalysis and their new perspectives in synthesis, characterization, and performance are discussed. New insights on the structural and compositional design in MOF/MOG‐derived oxygen electrocatalysts are summarized. Critical challenges and future research directions are also outlined.

show abstract

Future fuel cell and internal combustion engine automobile technologies: A 25-year life cycle and fleet impact assessment

Cited by 135 publications

References 15 publications

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Land transport

An integrated method to calculate an automobile's emissions throughout its life cycle

Metal–Organic Frameworks and Metal–Organic Gels for Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Structural and Compositional Considerations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About