“…Mayer 2015 [237] Big data in cardiology changes how insights are discovered Austin 2016 [238] overview of big data, its benefits, potential pitfalls and future impact in cardiology Greenspan 2016 [239] lesion detection, segmentation and shape modeling Miotto 2017 [240] imaging, EHR, genome and wearable data and needs for increasing interpretability Krittanawong 2017 [241] studies on image recognition technology which predict better than physicians Litjens 2017 [242] image classification, object detection, segmentation and registration Qayyum 2017 [243] CNN-based methods in image segmentation, classification, diagnosis and image retrieval Hengling 2017 [244] impact that machine learning will have on the future of cardiovascular imaging Blair 2017 [245] advances in neuroimaging with MRI on small vessel disease Slomka 2017 [246] nuclear cardiology, CT angiography, Echocardiography, MRI Carneiro 2017 [247] mammography, cardiovascular and microscopy imaging Johnson 2018 [248] AI in cardiology describing predictive modeling concepts, common algorithms and use of deep learning Jiang 2017 [249] AI applications in stroke detection, diagnosis, treatment, outcome prediction and prognosis evaluation Lee 2017 [250] AI in stroke imaging focused in technical principles and clinical applications Loh 2017 [251] heart disease diagnosis and management within the context of rural healthcare Krittanawong 2017 [252] cardiovascular clinical care and role in facilitating precision cardiovascular medicine Gomez 2018 [253] recent advances in automation and quantitative analysis in nuclear cardiology Shameer 2018 [254] promises and limitations of implementing machine learning in cardiovascular medicine Shrestha 2018 [255] machine learning applications in nuclear cardiology Kikuchi 2018 [256] application of AI in nuclear cardiology and the problem of limited number of data Awan 2018 [257] machine learning applications in heart failure diagnosis, classification, readmission prediction and medication adherence Faust 2018 [258] deep learning application in physiological data including ECG research should focus on validating and comparing existing models and investigate whether they can be improved. A popular method used for interpretable models is attention networks [263].…”