Future Options for Lightweight Photovoltaic Modules in Electrical Passenger Cars

Kim, Sehyeon; Holz, Markus; Park, Soo‐Jin; Yoon, Yong-Beum; Cho, Eun‐Chel; Yi, Junsin

doi:10.3390/su13052532

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Lightweight and flexible PVs are mostly vital for integration scheme with weight restrictions and curved surfaces such as in vehicles, greenhouses, wearable electronics and aerospace applications. [19,29,[196][197][198][199][200][201][202] While, stretchable SCs are relevant for wearable textile and portable devices. [41,[203][204][205] Furthermore, the size of PV devices can be adapted from upscaled integrated systems to miniature micro-cells.…”

Section: Further Tuning Capabilities Beyond Spectrum-sensitive Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[36] Several manufacturers like SonoMotors and Lightyear are developing PV-powered passenger vehicles equipped with c-Si SCs with a close stage to the market. [35,202] However, multijunction SC technologies are considered more promising to boost the integration in PV-powered vehicles due to their higher PCE levels (typically over 30%), albeit elevated prices for commercial use. [35,278] In the same framework of the energy yield estimation applied for c-Si technology, assuming tandem multijunction SC technology with efficiency of 30%, a yearly driving range of ≈15 000 km by means of solar energy can be achieved, with a potential rise under higher solar irradiation levels.…”

Section: Vehicle-integrated Pvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[536] The main technological challenges facing VIPV are related to high-efficiency and low-cost requirements, the non-planar curved shape of the vehicle-body, area and weight restrictions, difference of the solar irradiance compared to standard PV, utilization and the storage of the generated power and the transformation losses. [35,36,202,537,538] Given the lack of works on colored solar car roofs, further development and demonstration of prototypes using vehicle-compatible coloration approaches on different relevant PV technologies is required to upgrade the technical maturity closer to the industrialization. Moreover, the rise of temperatures under sunny conditions may induce PV performance losses and then reduce the practical driving ranges of PV-powered vehicles relative to the estimated values.…”

Section: Vehicle-integrated Pvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several manufacturers like SonoMotors and Lightyear are developing PV‐powered passenger vehicles equipped with c‐Si SCs with a close stage to the market. [ 35,202 ]…”

Section: Versatile Applications Of Tunable Pv Technologies Challenges...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunable Photovoltaics: Adapting Solar Cell Technologies to Versatile Applications

Meddeb

Götz‐Köhler

Neugebohrn

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass, to enable a steady mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, which are causing the planetary climate change and global warming. [5][6][7] Additionally, due to the economic development and the worldwide urbanization, a continuous rise of the global energy consumption across all key sectors, that is, power, heating, industry, and transport is occurring. This is expressed by an increase in the annual global electricity demand by 4.5% in 2021 corresponding to additional 1000 TWh. [4] Hence, strict criteria for the selection of competitive and abundant energy alternatives are imposed, requiring high yield at affordable prices. [8] The share of total renewables power generation excluding hydropower exceeded 3000 TWh in 2020, corresponding to almost 12% of the global electricity generation. [3] Considering an effective synergy between various sustainable energy candidates, solar photovoltaics (PV) have demonstrated great capabilities that can satisfy the requirements in the pathway towards 100% renewable electricity. [9][10][11][12] Owing to the research and development activities over the last decades, the power conversion efficiencies of solar cells (SC) have skyrocketed with a prolonged operation lifetime (>15 years) and a drastic plummeting in manufacturing costs (global average module selling price below $0.25 per W). [6,[13][14][15] The rapid universal deployment of PV resulted in a contribution of about 3.4% in the worldwide electricity generation in 2020. [3] Presently, the global installed PV capacity is approaching 1 TW and it is envisioned to reach ≈10 TW by 2030 and 30 to 70 TW by 2050. [16] Interestingly, along with massive electricity production using conventional solar power plants and rooftop solar panels, ancillary concepts of PV offer new strategies for supplying modern systems in versatile applications. [17][18][19] Moreover, diverse functionalities beyond solar energy harvesting can be afforded by adaptive PV, including aesthetic appearance, visual comfort and thermal management. [17,18,20,21] The distributed nature and the ubiquitous accessibility of multifunctional PV products are substantial features of solar PV in contrast to other renewable energies. However, traditional SCs dominating the market impose intrinsic optoelectronic and thermomechanical limitations, that prohibit their multifunctional utilization. To overcome these drawbacks, novel functional materials and innovative device architecture Solar photovoltaics (PV) offer viable and sustainable solutions to satisfy the growing energy demand and to meet the pressing climate targets. The deployment of conventional PV technologies is one of the major contributors of the ongoing energy transition in electricity power sector. However, the diversity of PV paradigms can open different opportunities for supplying modern systems in a wide range of terrestrial, marine, and aerospace applications. Such ubiquitous and versatile applications necessitate the development of PV technologies with customized desig...

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Section: Further Tuning Capabilities Beyond Spectrum-sensitive Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vehicle-integrated Pvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vehicle-integrated Pvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several manufacturers like SonoMotors and Lightyear are developing PV‐powered passenger vehicles equipped with c‐Si SCs with a close stage to the market. [ 35,202 ]…”

Section: Versatile Applications Of Tunable Pv Technologies Challenges...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tunable Photovoltaics: Adapting Solar Cell Technologies to Versatile Applications

Meddeb

Götz‐Köhler

Neugebohrn

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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show abstract

“…Commercialized flexible solar cells have been developed based on copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), amorphous silicon germanium (A‐SiGe), and cadmium telluride (CdTe) with energy conversion efficiencies ranging from 10.2% to 23.35%. [ 1–4 ] These solar cells can be used as modules to construct large area solar panels that can be conformably attached to curved surfaces such as roof‐tops, [ 5–7 ] car ceilings, [ 8–10 ] airships, [ 11–13 ] and satellites. [ 14–16 ] To ensure the reliability and robustness of flexible solar cells, they are typically connected with semi‐rigid metallic electrodes and sandwiched between stainless steel backing layers and thick polymer passivation layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques to Achieve Stretchable Photovoltaic Devices from Physically Non‐Stretchable Devices through Chemical Thinning and Stress‐Releasing Adhesive

Niu

Zhao

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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to curved surfaces such as roof-tops, [5][6][7] car ceilings, [8][9][10] airships, [11][12][13] and satellites. [14][15][16] To ensure the reliability and robustness of flexible solar cells, they are typically connected with semi-rigid metallic electrodes and sandwiched between stainless steel backing layers and thick polymer passivation layers. As a result, the overall thicknesses of the flexible solar cells are larger than 200 µm, resulting in a declined capability to adapt to biological tissues as well as surfaces with small radii of curvature. As the maximum bending strain is inversely proportional to the thickness of the devices, techniques to thin and repackage the flexible solar cells are highly demanded.Among various mechanical and chemical thinning approaches, [17][18][19] chemical thinning is one of the favorable methods for reducing chip thickness due to the introduction of almost no intrinsic stress, high yield and rapid etch rates. Chemical thinning approaches have yielded multiple ultrathin flexible devices, such as field-effect transistors, [20] silicon integrated circuits, [21] piezoelectric generators [22] and resonators. [23] However, it has seldomly been used to thin the encapsulated photovoltaic devices, and the performance before and after thinning has not yet been systematically studied. In addition to superior flexibility, some scenarios may also require certain levels of stretchability, leading to the development of stretchable solar cells that have been commonly achieved Integration of photovoltaic devices on the deformable surfaces of plants and animals is challenging, as most of the photovoltaic devices possess no stretchability which severely restricts the underneath deformable substrates and causes potential delamination of the devices from the substrates due to large shear stress. Here, techniques to achieve stretchable photovoltaic devices through chemically thinning flexible solar cells and intermediate hardsoft transition layers are proposed. The resulting photovoltaic devices are only 25 µm in thickness with a radius of curvature of 1 mm, offering excellent adaptability to leaves and many curved surfaces. The intermediate layer that is based on silicone adhesive with low modulus provides an interface between non-stretchable photovoltaic devices and deformable substrates, resulting in a stretchability of the overall structures larger than 140%. Key parameters of the photovoltaic device such as open-circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and conversion efficiency indicate the excellent performance of thinned devices. Potential applications of ultra-thin photovoltaic devices in energy harvesting and light intensity sensing on stretchable substrates are demonstrated, suggesting the practical use of the devices in constructing stretchable self-powered wearable systems for agriculture and healthcare monitoring.

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Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics

Patel,

Bittkau,

Ding

et al. 2024

Photovoltaic Solar Energy

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Future Options for Lightweight Photovoltaic Modules in Electrical Passenger Cars

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Tunable Photovoltaics: Adapting Solar Cell Technologies to Versatile Applications

Tunable Photovoltaics: Adapting Solar Cell Technologies to Versatile Applications

Techniques to Achieve Stretchable Photovoltaic Devices from Physically Non‐Stretchable Devices through Chemical Thinning and Stress‐Releasing Adhesive

Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics

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