Future Smartphone: MIMO Antenna System for 5G Mobile Terminals

Abdullah, Mujeeb; Altaf, Ahsan; Anjum, Muhammad Rizwan; Arain, Zulfiqar Ali; Jamali, Abdul Aleem; Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad; Falcone, Francisco; Limiti, Ernesto

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3091304

Cited by 72 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In this section, effects of two different modes of hand operations are studied, i.e., single-hand mode (SHM) and dual-hand mode (DHM), and key operation parameters of MIMO system, for example, ECC, scattering parameters, and efficiencies are analyzed under the influence of user hand(s). For the defined electric properties of customer's hand, the target permittivity is 28 to 32 having effective conductivity is 0.7 to 0.9 S/m for hand phantom, but for conducting the user hand analysis in this study, the phantom hand model is inserted with a constant 29 permittivity and 0.8 S/m effective conductivity at centre frequency of 3.5 GHz [25,26].…”

Section: Hand Effect Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

MIMO Antenna System for Modern 5G Handheld Devices with Healthcare and High Rate Delivery

Kiani

Altaf²,

Anjum

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In this work, a new prototype of the eight-element MIMO antenna system for 5G communications, internet of things, and networks has been proposed. This system is based on an H-shaped monopole antenna system that offers 200 MHz bandwidth ranges between 3.4–3.6 GHz, and the isolation between any two elements is well below −12 dB without using any decoupling structure. The proposed system is designed on a commercially available 0.8 mm-thick FR4 substrate. One side of the chassis is used to place the radiating elements, while the copper from the other side is being removed to avoid short-circuiting with other components and devices. This also enables space for other systems, sub-systems, and components. A prototype is fabricated and excellent agreement is observed between the experimental and the computed results. It was found that ECC is 0.2 for any two radiating elements which is consistent with the desirable standards, and channel capacity is 38 bps/Hz which is 2.9 times higher than 4 × 4 MIMO configuration. In addition, single hand mode and dual hand mode analysis are conducted to understand the operation of the system under such operations and to identify losses and/or changes in the key performance parameters. Based on the results, the proposed antenna system will find its applications in modern 5G handheld devices and internet of things with healthcare and high rate delivery. Besides that, its design simplicity will make it applicable for mass production to be used in industrial demands.

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Section: Hand Effect Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

MIMO Antenna System for Modern 5G Handheld Devices with Healthcare and High Rate Delivery

Kiani

Altaf²,

Anjum

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…An optimized antenna case A was reached after detailed analysis, as shown in Figure 1, where six EMSIW antennas were arranged on each long edge AB and CD side of the PCB. Such high-order antennas are required at the user terminal side to achieve high data rates [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. These antennas were arranged strategically, considering various diversity techniques, as discussed in Section 2.…”

Section: Twelve-element Mimo Antenna Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SAR is used to characterize electromagnetic radiation exposure to humans from nonionizing radiations. Standard threshold limits are defined by the ICNIRP [43] organization, which should not cross 1.6 W/Kg for 1-g tissue and 2 W/Kg for 10-g tissue [28]. It signifies the radiation energy absorbed by the human tissues.…”

Section: Specific Absorption Rate (Sar) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 6 shows the comprehensive comparison between the proposed antenna array designs and the recently reported works on SIW MIMO antennas [5,17,18] as well as the 5G handset MIMO antennas [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The [5,17] and [18] are the EMSIW MIMO antennas, as in the proposed work.…”

Section: Performance Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In earlier work [5], a rectangular slot was used in the ground plane for decoupling purposes to achieve high isolation of 30 dB, and in the latter case [18], no extra decoupling network was used, and a minimum isolation of 18.5 dB was achieved. The SIW MIMO antennas [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] were developed without considering the space-constrained smartphone scenario, where edges and corners are the only space available for antenna placement [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Therefore, it requires a careful antenna design and placement strategy to fulfill space-related constraints in such a scenario.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A High-Order EMSIW MIMO Antenna for Space-Constrained 5G Smartphone

Ali

Wajid

Usman

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This paper proposes a high-order MIMO antenna operating at 3.5 GHz for a 5G new radio. Using an eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide (EMSIW) cavity and considering a typical smartphone scenario, a two-element MIMO antenna is developed and extended to a twelve-element MIMO. These MIMO elements are closely spaced, and by employing multiple diversity techniques, high isolation is achieved without using a decoupling network. The asymmetric EMSIW structures resulted in radiation pattern diversity, and their orthogonal placement provides polarization diversity. The radiation characteristics and diversity performance are parametrically optimized for a two-element MIMO antenna. The experimental results exhibited 6.0 dB and 10.0 dB bandwidths of 250 and 100 MHz, respectively. The measured and simulated radiation patterns are closely matched with a peak gain of 3.4 dBi and isolation ≥36 dB. Encouraged with these results, higher-order MIMO, namely, four- and twelve-element MIMO are investigated, and isolation ≥35 and ≥22 dB are achieved, respectively. The channel capacity is found equal to 56.37 bps/Hz for twelve-element MIMO, which is nearly 6.25 times higher than the two-element counterpart. The hand and head proximity analysis reveal that the proposed antenna performances are within the acceptable limit. A detailed comparison with the previous works demonstrates that the proposed antenna offers a simple, low-cost, and compact MIMO antenna design solution with a high diversity performance.

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Broadband sub‐6 GHz flower‐shaped MIMO antenna with high isolation using theory of characteristic mode analysis (TCMA) for 5G NR bands and WLAN applications

Babu¹,

Das²,

Ali

et al. 2023

Int J Communication

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A small size neutralization line integrated flower-shaped MIMO antenna is designed and analyzed for sub-6 GHz type 5G NR frequency bands like n79 (4400-5000 MHz), n78 (3300-3800 MHz), n77 (3300-4200 MHz), and WLAN (5150-5825 MHz) applications. The novel approach of theory of characteristic mode analysis (TCMA) is introduced to provide physical insight of the designed structure and its characteristics behavior. Due to the suggested modifications in the geometry, the isolation among the patches is greatly increased.The overall miniaturized dimension of the MIMO antenna is 25 Â 40 mm 2 . The edge-edge spacing among the elements is 0.0233λ. The prototype antenna is fabricated and measured that shows good agreement compared with simulated results. The designed MIMO antenna without the presence of decoupling structure offers an isolation of 28 dB, gain of 3.6 dBi, and radiation efficiency of 69.7% at the resonant frequency. The proposed MIMO antenna covers a broad range of frequency band from 3.296 to 5.962 GHz with À10 dB impedance bandwidth of 2666 MHz and maintains a good isolation of greater than 50 dB for the entire operating band. The tested radiation efficiency and gain are 85.3% and 6.22 dBi at 3.5 GHz. Moreover, the diversity parameters of the neutralization line integrated MIMO antenna, that is, channel capacity loss (CCL) isolation, mean effective gain (MEG), total active reflection coefficient (TARC) diversity gain (DG), and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), are analyzed and discussed in this article.

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Future Smartphone: MIMO Antenna System for 5G Mobile Terminals

Cited by 72 publications

References 26 publications

MIMO Antenna System for Modern 5G Handheld Devices with Healthcare and High Rate Delivery

MIMO Antenna System for Modern 5G Handheld Devices with Healthcare and High Rate Delivery

A High-Order EMSIW MIMO Antenna for Space-Constrained 5G Smartphone

Broadband sub‐6 GHz flower‐shaped MIMO antenna with high isolation using theory of characteristic mode analysis (TCMA) for 5G NR bands and WLAN applications

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