Future studies using histomorphometry in type 1 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Purpose of review This article reviews the current state of research in type 1 diabetes and bone, focusing on human bone turnover markers and histomorphometry. Recent findings Bone turnover markers have been used for decades to document static bone turnover status in a variety of diseases but especially in diabetes. Two new studies focus on dynamic testing conditions to examine the acute effects of insulin and exercise on bone turnover. Publications of human bone histomorphometry in type 1 diabetes are few but there are several new studies currently underway. Summary Here, we review the most recent literature on human bone turnover markers and histomorphometry. Low bone turnover is thought to be a major underlying factor in bone fragility in T1DM. Further studies in human transilial bone biopsies will be helpful in determining the mechanisms.

Skeletal health in diabetes

“…Swanson [8] reviewed recent publications demonstrating that sleep disruptions may be associated with low bone formation and increased fracture risk. In that issue, two reviews were dedicated on highlighting chronic hyperglycemia leading to increased advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulation and its possible implication on tissue material properties and skeletal fragility in people with diabetes [9,10]. It is also currently debatable whether skeletal fragility should be considered as a complication or comorbidity related to diabetes [11].…”